Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________. |
Extrovert |
Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism? |
Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other. |
According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization? |
balance between extroversion and introversion |
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud’s theory of development? |
climate of sexual repression |
Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory? |
reaction formation |
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson’s second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops? |
autonomy vs. shame/doubt |
Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist? |
There was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he received his education. |
What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality? |
They can be scientifically tested. |
The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual’s clinical profile. |
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
Carl Jung’s view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________. |
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator |
Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology? |
William H. Sheldon |
When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay using? |
moving away from people |
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality? |
Sigmund Freud |
In Carl Jung’s view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life. |
the self-realization process |
Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common? |
Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy. |
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. |
Trait |
The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs. |
selective migration |
The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture. |
TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test |
A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn’t measure up to the standards of others or of society. |
inferiority |
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? |
regression |
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________. |
low self-efficacy |
Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian? |
Albert Bandura |
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation. |
The word "interactivity" should be changed to the word "reactivity." |
How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning? |
Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate. |
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________. |
extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability |
________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics. |
heritability |
When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using? |
moving toward people |
Which question was central to the marshmallow test? |
Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later? |
Self-efficacy is ________. |
our level of confidence in our own abilities |
When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using? |
moving against people |
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? |
denial |
Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________. |
beliefs and expectations |
Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________. |
introvert |
According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold. |
choleric |
In Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. |
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded |
Which of the following is not a way we tend to think of personality? Our personalities ________. |
are mutable |
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? |
Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities. |
The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private. |
ectomorph |
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. |
an internal locus of control |
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys. |
The phrase "black bile from the kidneys" should be changed to the phrase "white phlegm from the lungs." |
Chapter 11 pretest
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