Chapter 11 Drugs and Behavior-Nicotine

A cigarette was an unquestioned sign of sophistication in our society until around the following date:
A. mid-1960s B. mid-1970s C. mid-1980s D. 2001

A

The major dependence-producing drug(s) in tobacco products is A. nicotine
B. nicotine and tar
C. carbon monoxide
D. carbon monoxide and tar

A

The first European to encounter tobacco plants was A. Sir Walter Raleigh
B. Sir Francis Drake
C. King Philip II of Spain D. Christopher Columbus

D

Tobacco was officially introduced to Europe in A. 1492
B. 1560 C. 1602 D. 1650

B

In the 1600’s, European aristocracy used tobacco primarily through the practice of A. snuffing
B. smoking through long elaborate pipes C. smoking in cigarette form
D. chewing

B

Sir Walter Raleigh was one of the major figures who promoted the following method of tobacco use:
A. tobacco chewing B. snuffing
C. tobacco drinking D. pipe smoking

D

An early monarch who denounced the practice of tobacco smoking was A. Queen Isabella of Spain
B. King Philip II of Spain
C. King James I of England D. King Ferdinand of Spain

C

All but one of the following countries have at one time punished smoking by whipping, public torture, or death:
A. Japan B. Russia C. Turkey D. Canada

D

The dominant form of European tobacco use in the late 1700s was: A. smoking in a cigarette form
B. smoking in a pipe C. snuffing
D. chewing

C

Snuff is
A. coarse leaf tobacco stuffed into one’s nose B. a fine powder made of ground tobacco
C. a very mild form of pipe tobacco
D. a key factor in tobacco-dependence

B

In the U.S during the 1800s, snuffing was replaced with A. chewing
B. injecting
C. pipe-smoking
D. cigarette smoking

A

Tobacco chewing was first observed in the United States A. about 1800
B. about 1850
C. about 1910
D. none of the above

D

Analogy: Tobacco smoking is to fires as tobacco chewing is to A. pipe smoking
B. snuffing
C. spread of disease through contact with saliva D. cigars

C

Tobacco spitting can be a factor in the spread of which of the following diseases? A. tuberculosis
B. bronchitis C. hay fever D. pharyngitis

A

Cigarettes began to be introduced in the United States when this form of tobacco use was at its height:
A. cigars
B. pipes
C. snuff
D. cigarillos

A

________ are tight rolls of dried tobacco leaves. A. snuff
B. cigars
C. chewing tobacco D. cigarettes

B

______are rolls of shredded tobacco wrapped in paper. A. snuff
B. cigars
C. chewing tobacco D. cigarettes

D

The type of tobacco best suited of cigarettes is grown today primarily in A. Virginia
B. Rhode Island C. North Carolina D. Cuba

C

Pioneers heading west could indulge in foot-long cigars called _____, named after the Conestoga wagons that they rode during the long and tedious journey.
A. seegars B. snuffs C. joints D. stogies

D

The primary negative factor in early marketing of cigarettes was that A. it could be a fire hazard
B. it was considered "feminine" to smoke cigarettes C. it was an ordinary thing to do
D. it was too expensive to buy cigarettes

B

The first automated cigarette-making machine was invented by A. Rodrigo de Jerez
B. James B. Duke C. Thomas Edison D. James Bonsack

D

The advantage of cigarettes over cigars in the late 1800s and early 1900s was that A. cigarettes were less expensive
B. cigarettes were viewed as being safer to your health
C. cigars were rumored to contain contaminating ingredients
D. smoking cigarettes were viewed as being tough and rugged

A

In the late 1800s, the price of cigarettes were A. ten for a quarter
B. 20 for a nickel C. 30 for a dime D. a penny each

B

A Bonsack machine was used
A. to evaluate the toxicity of cigarettes
B. to produce a large quantity of cigarettes C. to dry out tobacco leaves quickly
D. to shred tobacco in an efficient manner

B

One of the strategies in marketing cigarettes to women was the claim that they could be A. an alternative to common housecleaning products
B. a weight-control aid
C. excellent for household pest control
D. useful as a laxative

B

Two primary factors for the emergence of cigarettes as the dominant form of tobacco use were
A. smoking among women and World War II B. smoking among women and World War I C. World War I and Prohibition
D. Prohibition and the popularity of cigars

B

The first Surgeon General’s Report on smoking and health was issued in A. 1956
B. 1964 C. 1978 D. 1983

B

The first Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health asserted that
A. tobacco smoking was linked to cancer and other serious diseases B. nicotine was a dependence-producing drug
C. cigarettes were less harmful than cigars
D. chewing tobacco led to diseases of the mouth

A

The first Surgeon General’s Report on smoking and health had the following effects on the American public:
A. all television advertising was immediately banned
B. all smoking ceased for three weeks
C. per capita consumption dipped immediately afterward then showed a bounce
upward during the succeeding months
D. per capita consumption actually increased for a month then showed a steady
decline during the succeeding months

C

Filtered cigarettes
A. were a major step toward improving the health consequences of smoking
B. gave the illusion of improving the health consequences of smoking
C. were the beginning of an improvement in the health of smokers in the U.S. D. contained a lower-tar blend of tobacco in them

B

The major source of a cigarette’s flavor comes from its ______ content. A. nicotine
B. tobacco
C. paper wrapping D. tar

D

Relative to unfiltered cirgarettes, filtered cigarettes have a higher concentration of A. tobacco
B. tar
C. nicotine
D. carbon dioxide

B

Sidestream smoke is most toxic under which of the following circumstance or condition? A. when experienced smokers are smoking
B. with unfiltered cigarettes
C. when inexperienced smokers are smoking
D. with filtered cigarettes

D

Analogy: Mainstream smoke is to cigarette smokers as sidestream smoke is to A. nonsmokers
B. an increased probability of cancer C. adolescent smokers
D. cigar smokers

A

A low T/N cigarette refers to a cigarette with
A. a low ratio of tobacco to nontobacco B. a low amount of tar and nicotine
C. a low ratio of toxins to nontoxins
D. a large amount of carbon monoxide

B

T/N cigarettes do not lessen the adverse health consequences of smoking because __________ when smoking T/N cigarettes compared to regular cigarettes.
A. smokers tend to inhale more deeply
B. smokers tend to take more puffs
C. smokers tend to smoke more cigarettes D. All of the above

D

Another name for sidestream smoke is A. sedentary smoke
B. ecological smoke
C. environmental tobacco smoke D. free-floating tobacco smoke

C

From 1997 to 2005 cigarette manufacturers had increased the nicotine concentrations in tobacco by ___ percent.
A. 5 B. 11 C. 16 D. 27

B

In 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency reported that
A. sidestream smoke causes lung cancer in non-smokers
B. a greater tax was placed on cigarettes to deter minors from purchasing them C. a federal law went into effect banning smoking in restaurants
D. ads for cigarettes or other tobacco products must include the Surgeon
General’s Warning

A

Compared to white smokers, African American smokers
A. smoke fewer cigarettes but carry a higher risk of tobacco related disorders B. smoke fewer cigarettes and carry a lower risk of tobacco related disorders C. smoke more cigarettes and carry a higher risk of tobacco related disorders D. smoke more cigarettes but carry a lower risk of tobacco related disorders

A

Congressional hearings on the question of whether U.S. tobacco companies had suppressed research data on the dangers of smoking were held in
A. 1964 B. 1978 C. 1982 D. 1994

D

As a result of the 1998 tobacco settlement,
A. tobacco companies agreed to pay $24 million to find ways to reduce teen
smoking
B. tobacco companies agreed that they are responsible if the number of teen
smokers increase
C. individuals are prohibited from suing tobacco companies for the adverse
effects on teens
D. tobacco companies were not liable to compensate states for treating people
with smoking-related illnesses

A

In the 1998 tobacco settlement, tobacco corporations agreed to A. ban all sales of tobacco products in the United States B. go out of business by 2014
C. pay $15 million to the U.S. states
D. refrain from marketing tobacco products to those under 18

D

As cited in the text, excise taxes on cigarette sales have drastically increased in recent years so that
A. tobacco companies can now have the funds to increase advertising campaigns
B. it would be harder for youths to afford cigarettes
C. further research can be funded to examine the hazards of cigarette smoking D. the image of cigarettes as a luxurious product can be improved

B

In 2007, only ___ states funded programs at the minimum levels recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
A. 3 B. 5 C. 26 D. 35

A

Which of the following has been identified in playing a role for the recent decline in cigarette smoking among teens?
A. removal of youth oriented advertisement images (i.e. Joe Camel) B. increase in anti-smoking TV ads
C. sharp increase in state excise taxes on cigarettes
D. all of the above

D

The exportation of U.S. tobacco products to other countries has been A. a major factor in our balance of trade
B. a major element in our foreign policy
C. a component of U.S. foreign aid to developing nations
D. a major source of goodwill

A

By ________, the tobacco industry has been less affected by the loss of profits in the United States.
A. taking advantage of global markets
B. laying off 15 percent of its domestic workforce
C. raising the amounts of tobacco imported in to the United States
D. decreasing the amount of money allocated for advertisement globally by
25 percent

A

The temperature at the tip of a cigarette when the smoker inhales is approximately Farenheit.
A. 98 degrees B. 450 degrees C. 1250 degrees D. 1700 degrees

D

The principal reason a lit cigarette gets so hot is because A. of the flammability of the paper wrapping
B. of the particular blend of tobacco used
C. of the oxygen being drawn through the cigarette D. of the non-tobacco additives in the cigarette

C

Mainstream smoke from a filtered cigarette
A. is inhaled by the smoker through the filter and cigarette paper B. is more acidic than sidestream smoke
C. is inhaled by nonsmokers as well
D. consists of a gaseous phase only

A

A component in tobacco smoke that is not classified as part of the particulate phase is A. tar
B. acetone
C. water droplets D. nicotine

B

The primary source of carcinogenic compounds in tobacco are found in the A. gaseous phase
B. carbon monoxide C. nicotine
D. tar

D

Analogy: Particulate phase is to nicotine as gaseous phase is to A. tar
B. carbon monoxide
C. small particles suspended in smoke D. water droplets

B

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are
A. toxic substances in tobacco smoke
B. within the category of the particulate phase C. within the category of the gaseous phase D. classified in a third category

C

Among the gases of tobacco smoke, the most toxic is A. carbon monoxide
B. acetone
C. ammonia
D. carbon dioxide

A

Carbon monoxide is A. tasteless B. odorless C. colorless
D. all of the above

D

The toxic nature of carbon monoxide is that it attaches itself easily to A. air sacs in the lungs
B. esophageal cells C. hemoglobin
D. cardiac muscle

C

Carbon monoxide is the principal reason for the development of ________ among chronic smokers.
A. lung cancer
B. cardiovascular disease C. respiratory problems D. all of the above

B

Carbon monoxide is typically measured in terms of
A. parts per million blood components (p.p.m.)
B. milligrams per cigarette (m.p.c.)
C. micrograms per inhalation (m.p.i.)
D. milligrams per kilogram of body weight (m.p.k.)

A

Cardiovascular disease in smokers is primarily due to the ______ in cigarette smoke. A. nicotine
B. tar
C. carbon monoxide D. both B and C

D

Fifty percent of the total tar in a cigarette is found A. in the first two-thirds of the cigarette B. in the last third of the cigarette
C. in the first third of the cigarette
D. evenly throughout the cigarette

B

Tar in cigarettes disrupts a process called
A. Ciliary cleansing
B. ciliary declination
C. the ciliary escalator
D. the tar inducement regulator

C

The ciliary escalator allows unwanted particles to be swept A. downward into the lungs
B. into the bloodstream
C. away when the smoker exhales
D. upward to the throat where they are usually swallowed

D

Tar allows
A. carcinogens to attack the immune system B. carcinogens to stick to pulmonary cells C. carcinogens to multiply in the liver
D. all of the above

B

Nicotine is found as a natural component of
A. tobacco esclusively
B. leafy plants of many types
C. marijuana as well as tobacco
D. tobacco once it has been shredded and ground up

A

About 60 milligrams of nicotine
A. can quickly kill a healthy human adult
B. is found in approximately a half-pack of cigarettes C. would be ingested from two or three cigarettes
D. is the minimal effective dose for relaxation

A

Which ingredient found in cigarettes is also used as a pesticide? A. tar
B. nicotine
C. carbon monoxide D. tobacco

B

About ______of the nicotine in a cigarette is actually inhaled and reaches the bloodstream.
A. 1 percent B. 5 percent C. 20 percent D. 70 percent

C

Jeff smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. This means that he ingests ___ mg of nicotine per day.
A. 5 -1.5 B. 2 – 8 C. 8.5 -10 D. 12 -18

…

The elimination half-life of nicotine is about A. 30 minutes to 1 hour
B. 2 to 3 hours C. 4 to 5 hours D. 6 to 10 hours

B

Inhaled nicotine is
A. absorbed rapidly and excreted slowly B. absorbed slowly and excreted rapidly C. absorbed and excreted slowly
D. absorbed and excreted rapidly

D

Inhaled nicotine passes through the blood-brain barrier within ____. A. a few seconds
B. a few minutes C. a few hours D. a few days

A

The additive _______ in tobacco, speeds the nicotine absorption in smokers. A. tar
B. hydrogen cyanide C. acetadehyde
D. ammonia

D

Nicotine stimulates _______ receptors in the CNS. A. endorphin-sensitive
B. nicotinic
C. serotonin-sensitive D. GABA-sensitive

B

When nicotine receptors are activated,
A. blood pressure becomes unstable
B. activity in the gastrointestinal tract speeds up C. fingers start to tingle
D. heart rate increases

D

One of the effects of the stimulation of receptors in the CNS by nicotine is to A. release acetaldehyde
B. release adrenalin
C. release gastric juices
D. release cortical inhibition

…

A smoker feels more relaxed after a cigarette partly because A. of an intense placebo effect
B. blood pressure and heart rate has gone up C. muscle tone has been reduced
D. gastrointestinal activity has been inhibited

C

The effect of cigarette smoking on improving task performance is due to the nicotine that is consumed because
A. nicotine tablets have the same effect
B. animals inhaling cigarette smoke show the same reactions C. placebo tablets produce similar reactions
D. nicotine has the effect of releasing adrenalin

A

Nicotine has been shown to improve short-term memory A. when it is smoked
B. taken in pill form
C. both A and B
D. Nicotine does not improve short-term memory.

C

Nicotine reaches the brain in ________. A. 1 to 2 seconds
B. 5 to 8 seconds C. 20 to 25 seconds D. 35 to 40 seconds

B

David has been a smoker for many years. Today he was given nicotine gum. According to titration hypothesis, as David chews the gum, throughout the day ___________.
A. he will smoke cigarettes more rapidly B. he will smoke fewer cigarettes per day C. he will abstain from cigarettes
D. he will take more puffs per cigarette

B

A smoker is given a placebo and he or she is told that it is nicotine gum, when it is not. How will it affect his of her cigarette smoking behavior?
A. he or she will smoke cigarettes more rapidly B. he or she will smoke fewer cigarettes per day C. he or she will abstain from cigarettes
D. he or she will take more puffs per cigarette

B

One factor that increases the dependence potential of nicotine is
A. the speed with which nicotine reaches the brain
B. the variety of circumstances under which the act of smoking occurs C. the number of times a dose of nicotine is administered
D. all of the above

D

A pack-a-day smoker will typically take ______ puffs of tobacco smoke each day. A. 40 to 50
B. 100 to 200 C. 300 to 500 D. 800 to 1000

B

The titration hypothesis refers to the way in which
A. cigarette brands are marketed from season to season
B. the particulate phase is metabolized into the gaseous phase
C. cigarettes are smoked so as to maintain a level of nicotine into the body D. nicotine is allowed to be excreted from the body

C

According to the titration hypothesis, an experienced smoker when presented with a pack of low-nicotine cigarettes will
A. inhale more deeply
B. take more puffs per cigarette C. smoke more of them
D. all of the above

D

Adjusting the style of tobacco smoking to maintain the intake of steady levels of nicotine is referred to as
A. the titration hypothesis
B. conditioned smoking
C. nicotine maintenance
D. the secondary smoke effect

A

A first-time smoker will frequently
A. show few if any physiological reactions B. feel nauseated
C. inhibit the vomiting center in the medulla D. experience intense heart palpitations

B

John is a smoker. He just finished his last cigarette about six hours ago. Which of the following symptoms is John most likely to encounter?
A. stomach cramps
B. increased blood pressure
C. decreased heart rate
D. increased ability to concentrate

C

A common symptom of cigarette withdrawal is A. drowsiness
B. headache
C. insomnia
D. all of the above

D

The craving for a cigarette by an ex-smoker
A. is typically the strongest on the first anniversary of quitting B. can continue for a month or more
C. can continue for years
D. is typically over by six months

C

In a study of people who smoked and were also in drug-abuse treatment, one in three people indicated that:
A. it was easier to quit smoking after quitting another drug
B. quitting smoking was just as hard as quitting another drug
C. it was best to quit smoking at the same time as the other drug D. it was harder to quit smoking as compared to other drugs

D

The first Surgeon’s General Report on Smoking and Health was issued in A. 1958
B. 1964 C. 1976 D. 1993

B

Each day, _____ people in the United States die as a result of cigarette smoking. A. 500
B. 1,200 C. 2,500 D. 5,000

B

Smoking one cigarette shortens one’s lifespan by A. 12 seconds
B. 40 seconds C. 4 minutes D. 14 minutes

D

The estimated number of deaths in the United States that are attributed to cigarette smoking each year is
A. about 5000
B. about 30,000
C. almost half a million D. about two million

C

A condition in which fatty deposits accumulate inside arteries and restrict the flow of blood is called
A. arteriosclerosis
B. atherosclerosis
C. stroke
D. migraine neuralgia

B

A condition in which the walls of arteries harden and lose elasticity is A. arteriosclerosis
B. atherosclerosis
C. stroke
D. migraine neuralgia

A

The major cause(s) of tobacco-related cardiovascular disease is (are) A. nicotine
B. carbon monoxide C. tar
D. both A and B

D

_______ result(s) from platelet adhesiveness in the blood. A. Blood clots
B. Headaches
C. Arteriosclerosis D. Emphysema

A

An increase in the body’s serum cholesterol level can be due to the effects of A. nicotine
B. tar
C. carbon monoxide D. carbon dioxide

A

Although only ___ percent of smokers in the United States develop COPD, _____ percent of all COPD cases are the result of smoking.
A. 10; 50 to 60 B. 10; 80 to 90 C. 1; 80 to 90 D. 1; 20 to 30

C

A buildup of mucus in air passages leading to inflammation of brochial tissue is referred to as
A. chronic bronchitis
B. emphysema
C. ciliary escalator deficit
D. pulmonary obstruction disease (POD)

A

COPD refers to
A. community-operated prevention devices B. community-operated police departments C. chronic obstetric and pulmonary distress D. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

D

Abnormal enlargement of air sacs in the lungs can lead to this condition. A. chronic bronchitis
B. pneumonia
C. pulmonary distress syndrome (PDS) D. emphysema

D

Advanced emphysema results in ______ of one’s energy being used just to breathe. A. 25 percent
B. 42 percent C. 58 percent D. 80 percent

D

Tony was a smoker for many years. He has developed advanced COPD and needs an oxygen tank to help him breathe. Often, his family members are seen pounding on his back. The most probably explanation why they are doing this is because they
A. are abusive
B. are trying to free mucus in the lungs
C. are trying to get blood to circulate in the lungs
D. are trying to stimulate the flow of oxygen in the lungs

B

Analogy: Cirrhosis is to the liver as A. alcohol is to tobacco
B. cancer is to CAD
C. emphysema is to the lungs D. tobacco is to air sacs

C

According to the 2007 American Cancer Society statistics, about _______ of 213,000 new cases of lung cancer were due to smoking.
A. 50 percent B. 65 percent C. 75 percent D. 90 percent

D

Prior to 1900, lung cancer was
A. at about twice the levels in U.S. society than it is today
B. rarely observed in women
C. observed in more women than men, opposite to the prevalence rates today D. more common than heart attacks

B

Lung cancer
A. fortunately has a high rate of survival
B. has an overall five-year survival rate of 15 percent
C. is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women
D. is associated with high levels of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke

B

The five-year survival rate after the initial diagnosis of lung cancer is A. 10 percent
B. 15 percent C. 25 percent D. 45 percent

B

Carcinomas refer to
A. cancerous growths in general
B. cancerous growths on the skin
C. cancerous growths on the surface of the lungs D. cancerous growths on the kidney and pancreas

A

Tobacco smoking produces an increased risk of A. lung cancer
B. larynx cancer
C. mouth or lip cancer D. all of the above

D

Analogy: Leukoplakia is to white spots in the mouth as erythroplakia is to A. white spots in the nasal cavity
B. red spots in the mouth
C. lumps in the jaw or neck area D. a decline in red blood cells

B

Repeated bleeding in the mouth could be a sign of problems associated with A. cigar smoking
B. snuff inhaled into the nose C. smokeless tobacco
D. early signs of lung cancer

C

Leukoplakia or erythroplakia are symptoms indicating A. terminal stages of cancer
B. early stages of emphysema C. precancerous tissue
D. premature eruption of acne

C

Leukoplakia or erythroplakia are symptoms indicating A. terminal stages of cancer
B. early stages of emphysema C. precancerous tissue
D. premature eruption of acne

C

Nitrosamines are
A. carcinogens found in tobacco
B. breakdown products in nicotine metabolism C. similar to acetic acid in alcohol metabolism D. stimulant drugs for heart patients

A

Smokeless tobacco
A. is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking B. increases the risk for emphysema
C. increases the risk of cancer
D. increases the risk for chronic bronchitis

C

What is NOT true about smokeless tobacco?
A. Smokeless tobacco products since 1986 must contain health warnings. B. Smokeless tobacco-related erythroplakia refers to white spots inside the
mouth.
C. Nitrosamines are found in all tobacco products including smokeless tobacco. D. Smokeless tobacco use increases the risk of gum disease.

B

Female smokers are at increased risk of developing a brain hemorrhage or heart attack if
A. they also drink alcohol and are pregnant B. they also are using birth control pills
C. they are between the ages of 17 and 25 D. they are Asians or of Asian descent

B

Women who smoke are at an even greater risk of stroke if they are also A. using birth-control pills
B. abstaining from all other forms of drug-taking behavior
C. sexually active
D. living in urban communities

A

Womenwho smoke during pregnancy have newborns with a higher risk for A. low birth weight
B. physical defects
C. elevated systolic blood pressure
D. all of the above

D

Environmental tobacco smoke
A. affects anyone in an enclosed space
B. fails to affect families of smokers
C. dissipates in a matter of minutes
D. changes its character once it diffuses into the air

A

An alternative expression for environmental tobacco smoke is A. mainstream smoke
B. involuntary smoking
C. unconstitutional smoke D. burley tobacco smoke

B

N-nitrosamine is more concentrated
A. in cigarettes than in smokeless tobacco
B. in cigars than cigarettes
C. in sidestream smoke than in mainstream smoke D. in the lungs of men than in women

C

Nonsmoking wives of husbands who smoke have an increased chance of ______ compared to wives of husbands who do not smoke.
A. becoming a smoker
B. developing lung cancer C. becoming an alcoholic D. using smokeless tobacco

B

The evidence indicating that environmental tobacco smoke can be dangerous is A. weakening as more recent studies are conducted
B. weak and always has been
C. supported surprisingly by research financed by the tobacco industry D. substantial

D

Children of parents who smoke in the home have an increased risk of A. bronchitis
B. middle ear disease C. wheezing
D. all of the above

D

The current percentage of smokers aged 12 years or older in the United States is A. significantly less than the levels in the 1940s
B. greater than than levels in 1965
C. substantially greater than among college students
D. none of the above

A

The current percentage of smokers aged 12 years or older in the U.S. is approximately A. 15 percent
B. 24 percent C. 46 percent D. 56 percent

B

According to the University of Michign survey, the peak years when smokers start to smoke are
A. during the fourth and fifth grades
B. during the sixth and seventh graders C. during the ninth and 10th grades
D. during senior year in high school

??

About 80 percent to 90 percent of all smokers begin to smoke by the age of A. 15
B. 16 C. 17 D. 18

D

The national minimum age at which tobacco products can be purchased is A. 21
B. 25 C. 18 D. 16

C

The federal government requires that anyone up to the age of ____ must verify their age at the time of purchasing tobacco products.
A. 27 B. 25 C. 21 D. 18

A

The route of administration for smokeless tobacco can be best described as A. oral
B. absorption through membranes C. inhalation into the lungs
D. subcutaneous

B

Loose leaf, plug and twist describes different forms of A. snuff in general
B. chewing tobacco C. cigars
D. moist snuff

B

An example of a brand name of moist snuff is A. Red Man
B. Chaw
C. Beech Nut D. Copenhagen

D

The present-day manner of using snuff is by A. smoking it
B. sniffing into the nose
C. placing inside the cheek D. chewing it

C

The practice of _______ helps tobacco products not get stuck in the teeth. A. moist snuffing
B. dipping
C. loose-leaf chewing D. none of the above

B

Prevalence rates for smokeless tobacco use among teens reached a peak in A. the late 1960s
B. the early 1970s C. the mid 1980s D. the mid 1990s

D

Dipping is an expression for the use of A. snuff
B. unfiltered cigarettes
C. Copenhagen as opposed to other smokeless tobacco brands D. blending cigarettes with marijuana

A

Smokeless tobacco tends to be relatively more popular in ______ of the U.S. A. rural communities
B. large cities
C. industrialized regions D. arid regions

A

The most popular form of smokeless tobacco is _______, and the most popular brand is ________.
A. loose-leaf chewing tobacco; Red Man B. moist snuff; Skoal
C. loose-leaf chewing tobacco; Beech Nut D. moist snuff; Copenhagen

D

The most popular brand of moist snuff is
A. among the weakest in terms of nicotine content
B. the most potent in terms of nicotine content
C. the most likely to release carbon monoxide
D. ironically the least likely to jeopardize your health

B

Health risks associated with the use of smokeless tobacco include A. gum disease
B. damage to tooth enamel C. oral cancer
D. all of the above

D

During the 1990s,
A. cigars overtook cigarettes in popularity and has continued to do so since then B. cigars achieved a brief period of celebrity status
C. cigars were determined by the Surgeon General to be far safer than
cigarettes
D. cigars were suddenly extremely unpopular

B

The only area of cancer for which cigars appear to be incurring lower risk (relative to cigarettes) is
A. lung cancer
B. cancer of the mouth
C. cancer of the larynx
D. cancer of the esophagus

A

Compared to cigarette smoke, cigar smoke A. is more alkaline
B. is a safe alternative
C. is more closely associated with lung cancer D. contains fewer carcinogens

A

Flavored cigarettes are often called A. cigars
B. chews C. bidis D. tollies

C

One of the dangers in smoking bidis and kreteks is that they A. are unfiltered
B. contain a higher concentration of nicotine and tar than regular cigarettes C. require more vigorous puffing
D. all of the above

D

During his lifetime, Sigmund Freud exhibited a severe form of _________. A. alcohol dependence
B. cocaine dependence
C. nicotine dependence
D. dependence upon hallucinogens

C

According to the text, from 1885 to 1994, cigarette exports increased dramatically in the following countries:
A. Japan and Malaysia
B. Australia and New Zealand C. Japan and South Korea
D. Canada and Mexico

C

Relative to the United States, smoking in Japan
A. is more common among adult Japanese men
B. is more common among Japanese physicians
C. is met with less concern about health consequences D. all of the above

D

_______ accounts for 30 percent of the world’s total consumption of tobacco. A. China
B. United States C. India D.Japan

A

The World Health Organization predicts that in the year 2030, ________will die from tobacco-related illnesses, if current trends continue.
A. 1 million B. 4.9 million C. 8.5 million D. 10 million

D

Approximately ___ percent of countries in the world still allow smoking in hospitals and schools; only ___ percent of the world’s population lives in a country that imposes a comprehensive national ban on tobacco advertising, and in which full services to treat tobacco dependence are widely available.
A. 40; 5 B. 40; 10 C. 20; 5 D. 20; 10

A

The chances of a heart attack decrease after ________ of quitting smoking. A. 24 hours
B. 3 months
C. 9 months
D. 5 to 10 years

A

Smoking cessation lowers the risk of coronary heart disease to about that of nonsmokers within
A. a month of not smoking
B. fifteen years of abstinence
C. one or two years of abstinence D. four year of abstinence

B

Smoking cessation
A. results in a further deterioration of one’s health status
B. results in essentially no change in one’s health status
C. results in a recovery of several aspects of one’s health status
D. results in a complete recovery of one’s health status is a matter of day

C

As education level _______, the level of smoking _______. A. decreases, decreases
B. decreases; increases
C. increases; remains the same D. increases; increases

B

According to the text, when trying to quit smoking, it is recommended that the smoker A. not tell others about their attempt to quit until he or she is successful
B. avoids drinking a lot of water
C. takes ten deep breaths during tobacco cravings
D. all of the above

C

Which of the following is a social support group for smokers wanting to quit? A. Smoker’s Anonymous
B. Smoke Enders C. Smoke Stoppers D. all of the above

D

Which of the following is a non-nicotine drug to help reduce nicotine craving? A. Redia
B. Zyban
C. Nicotrol
D. Nicotine-inhibiting hormone (NIH)

B

Zyban was originally used to treat A. depression
B. obesity
C. cocaine anxiety D. anxiety

A

Nicorette is a brand name for A. a type of moist snuff
B. an anticraving medication for nicotine and alcohol withdrawal C. a transdermal nicotine patch
D. a prescription nicotine chewing gum

D

A prescription nicotine-substitute in the form of a nasal spray is called A. Nicorette
B. Zyban
C. Nicotrol NS D. Wellbutrin

C

In 2006, _______ became available as a nicotine-free stop-smoking medication. A. Wellroxone
B. Zyban
C. Nicorette D. Chantix

D

A recent review confirming the usefulness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) reveals A. NRT increases the chances of quitting smoking
B. Smokers who use NRT, do not end up smoking less
C. both A and B
D. neither A and B

D

Guidelines that doctors should follow with their patients should include A. assessing the willingness of the patient to quit
B. assisting in the cessation attempt
C. advising patients to quit
D. all of the above

D

A recent study suggests that when physicians tell smokers their "lung age," as determined by the age of an average healthy nonsmoker with a comparable level of breathing strength, smokers are
A. twice as likely to quit B. get the message
C. both A and B
D. only B

C

is estimated that as many as 42,000 additional lives in the United States would be saved each year if ___ percent of smokers were advised by a health professional to quit and were offered medication or assistance to do so, but presently only ___ percent of smokers receive such services.
A. 90; 51 B. 90; 28 C. 75; 51 D. 75; 28

B

is estimated that as many as 42,000 additional lives in the United States would be saved each year if ___ percent of smokers were advised by a health professional to quit and were offered medication or assistance to do so, but presently only ___ percent of smokers receive such services.
A. 90; 51 B. 90; 28 C. 75; 51 D. 75; 28

B