CH17

Which of the following is a business-related consequence of successful software?

Increase revenues

Which of the following is a business-related consequence of failing software?

A. Decrease productivity B. Damage to brand reputation C. Incur liabilities D. All of the above*

What is the systems development life cycle?

The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance The SDLC is the overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance.

What is the overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance?

Systems development life cycle

Which of the following represents the phases in the SDLC?

Plan, analysis, design, develop, test, implement, maintain

What is the analysis phase in the SDLC?

Involves analyzing end-user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system

Which phase of the SDLC gathers business requirements?

Analysis

What is the design phase in the SDLC?

Involves describing the desired features and operations of the system

What is the implementation phase in the SDLC?

Involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with the system

What is a set of policies, procedures, standards, processes, practices, tools, techniques, and tasks that people apply to technical and management challenges?

Methodology

Which of the following is an issue related to the waterfall methodology?

. Flaws in accurately defining and articulating the business problem B. Managing costs, resources, and time constraints C. Assumes users can specify all business requirements in advance D. All of the above*

What consists of a series of tiny projects?

Iterative development

Which methodology aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process with a design point that uses the bare minimum requirements?

Agile methodology

Which of the following describes agile?

Fast and efficient B. Small and nimble C. Lower cost D. All of the above*

Which of the following is not a primary form of agile methodology?

SDLC

What is an activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance?

. Waterfall methodology

what emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems development process?

RAD methodology

What breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the first phase is complete?

Extreme programming

What is the success rate for a project using the waterfall methodology?

1 in 10 The waterfall methodology has a 10 percent success rate, or 1 in 10.

Which of the following is a fundamental of the RAD methodology?

Focus initially on creating a prototype that looks and acts like the desired system B. Actively involve system users in the analysis, design, and development phases C. Accelerate collecting the business requirements through an interactive and iterative construction approach D. All of the above*

Which methodology provides a framework for breaking down the development of software into four gates?

RUP

Which of the following is not one of the four gates in the RUP methodology?

Collaboration Elaboration is the gate in RUP, not collaboration.

Which gate in the RUP methodology provides a rough order of magnitude?

Elaboration Elaboration provides a rough order of magnitude.

Which gate in the RUP methodology includes building and developing the project?

Construction

Which methodology is owned by IBM?

RUP

Which methodology uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30-day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal?

Scrum

Which methodology ends each day or begins with a stand-up meeting to monitor and control the development effort?

Scrum

How many days is a typical sprint in the Scrum methodology?

30 days

Which of the following is not one of the tenets in the Agile Alliance’s manifesto?

Do not allow changing requirements, especially late in development

Which of the following is not one of the primary principles an organization should follow for successful agile software development?

Test and deliver infrequently

Traditional business risk models typically ignored software development, largely because most organizations considered the impact from software and software development on the business to be minor.

TRUE Traditional business risk models typically ignored software development, largely because most organizations considered the impact from software and software development on the business to be minor.

Preventing liabilities is a business-related consequence of failed software.

FALSE Preventing liabilities is a business-related consequence of successful software.

The implementation phase involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforming them into the actual system.

FALSE The development phase involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforming them into the actual system.

The traditional waterfall methodology is a sequential, activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance.

TRUE The traditional waterfall methodology is a sequential, activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance.

.A prototype is a smaller-scale representation or working model of the users’ requirements or a proposed design for an information system.

TRUE A prototype is a smaller-scale representation or working model of the users’ requirements or a proposed design for an information system.

The ______________ phase involves establishing a high-level plan of the intended project and determining project goals.

Planning

____________ revenues are a business-related consequence of successful software.

Increased

The _________ phase involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with the system.

Implementation

The ___________ phase involves performing changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet the business goals.

Maintenance

Planning, ___________, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance are the seven phases in the SDLC.

Analysis

The ___________ methodology is a sequential, activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance.

Waterfall

The rapid application development methodology emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working __________ of a system to accelerate the systems development process.

Prototypes

The _________ methodology aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process with a design point that uses the bare minimum requirement.

Agile

____________ creep occurs when the scope of the project increases.

Scope

___________ creep occurs when developers add extra features that were not part of the initial requirements.

Feature

An error found during the ___________ phase is the most expensive to fix.

Maintenance

Failure to manage __________ scope is one of the primary reasons for project failure.

Project

List and describe each phase in the systems development life cycle.

Planning phase – involves establishing a high-level plan of the intended project and determining project goals. Analysis phase – involves analyzing end-user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system. Design phase – involves describing the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation. Development phase – involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforming them into the actual system. Testing phase – involves bringing all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to test for errors, bugs, and interoperability, in order to verify that the system meets all the business requirements defined in the analysis phase. Implementation phase – involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with the system. Maintenance phase – involves performing changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet the business goals.

Identify the business benefits associated with successful software development.

The benefits associated with successful software development include increase in revenues, repair to brand reputation, prevent liabilities, and increase in productivity.

Summarize the different software development methodologies.

There are a number of different software development methodologies. The waterfall methodology is a sequential, activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance. The rapid application development methodology (RAD) emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems development process. The extreme programming (XP) methodology breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the first phase is complete. The agile methodology is a form of XP, aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components. Rational Unified Process (RUP) provides a framework for breaking down the development of software into four gates Gate One: Inception, Gate Two: Elaboration, Gate Three: Construction, Gate Four: Transition. Scrum – uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30-day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal.

Define the relationship between the systems development life cycle and software development methodologies.

All software development methodologies use the systems development life cycle, however, the way that they use it differs. For example, all projects must have planning and testing phases, however one project might use the waterfall approach and have the planning occur at the beginning of the project and the testing occur at the end. Another project might use the XP method and have small planning and testing phases occurring all the time.

. Compare the waterfall methodology and the agile methodology.

The waterfall methodology is a sequential, activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance. The agile methodology is a form of XP, aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components. These are two opposite ends of the spectrum in terms of systems development methodologies. The primary difference between the waterfall and XP methodologies is that XP divides its phases into iterations with user feedback.

Explain why software problems are business problems.

Only 28 percent of projects are developed within budget and delivered on time and as promised, says a report from the Standish Group, a Massachusetts-based consultancy. The primary reasons for project failure are: Unclear or missing business requirements, skipping SDLC phases, failure to manage project scope, failure to manage project plan, and changing technology.