How do the genes in DNA control cell function? |
Genes carry the instructions for making proteins; genes control cells by controlling protein production. |
What word is used to describe the exact position of a gene on a chromosome? |
Locus |
At what point in the cell cycle does a cell decide to undergo cell division? |
G1; the decision in G1 to divide is what causes the cell to progress to S phase. |
What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis? |
The chromosomes must be duplicated, which occurs during interphase. |
The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis? |
Prophases it the first phase of mitosis, when the centrosomes begin moving toward opposite poles and the nuclear envelope breaks up. |
The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis? |
Metaphase occurs in the middle of mitosis, when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. |
The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis? |
Sister chromatids separate and start their migration toward opposite poles during anaphase. |
The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis? |
Telophase is the final phase of mitosis, when the chromosomes have arrived at the poles and the nuclear envelopes of the two new cells form. |
At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _____________. |
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that occurs in conjunction with telophase, the last phase in mitosis. |
Which of the following events occurs during prophase? |
The spindle microtubules must form before DNA can be sorted and divided. |
Which cellular structure contributes to the biggest difference between mitosis in plants and mitosis in animals? |
The cell wall of plants is rigid, preventing the cell from being pinched in half by a microfilament belt. |
How are homologous chromosomes defined? |
Homologous chromosomes have identical genes, but may have different varieties of that gene (different alleles) |
What is the most important reason for sexual reproduction? |
Sexual reproduction creates genetically unique individuals. The products of asexual reproduction are clones of the parent cells. Genetic uniqueness allows a species to adapt better to its environment. |
Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces |
Meiosis produces four haploid cells. |
A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during |
Chromosomes are duplicated during interphase. |
During prophase I of meiosis |
Homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs during prophase I. |
The correct order of events during meiosis is |
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I,Telophase I, Cytokinesis, Meiosis II. |
During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. The recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur? |
Segments of nonsister chromatids trade places during Prophase I, resulting in recombination. |
Which of the following is a correct description of meiosis? |
Meiosis is one round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division to reach the haploid number. |
In the laboratory fruit fly, n is 4. How man different chromosome set can be produced by one fly, excluding crossing over? |
2^4 variations; among each chromosome pair, a choice can be made. This means 2 to the power of n unique combinations exist. |
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