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In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid? dogs |
grasshoppers |
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Which of the following best describes an artery? Arteries contain valves. |
Arteries carry blood away from the heart. |
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Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body’s cells are likely to have _____. an open circulatory system |
a closed circulatory system |
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In an open circulatory system, hemolymph is _____. always inside of vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems not always confined to blood vessels and is under higher pressure than in closed circulatory systems always inside of vessels and is under higher pressure than in closed circulatory systems not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems |
not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems |
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Circulatory systems compensate for _____. the need to cushion animals from trauma the problem of communication systems involving only the nervous system temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances |
the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances |
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Blood returns to the heart via the _____. aorta |
pulmonary veins |
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From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. right atrium |
left atrium |
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From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. right atrium |
right atrium |
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From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. right atrium |
posterior vena cava |
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Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____. capillaries of the lungs |
capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs |
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The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls. aorta |
capillaries |
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Blood pressure is highest in the _____. aorta |
aorta |
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What is the function of a circulatory system? It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the outside air. It acts as a reservoir for the storage of blood. It is the site of blood cell production. It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body. |
It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body. |
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Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? Land vertebrates are bigger and require more tubing to reach all areas of the body. The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body. The circuits increase the amount of surface area available for the diffusion of gases and nutrients in the body. Blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated before being pumped to the rest of the body. |
The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body. |
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True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body. True |
False |
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What is the function of the left ventricle? It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. It receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs. |
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. |
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Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true? Deoxygenated blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is carried to the right atrium. During one cardiac cycle, the two ventricles contract first, and then the two atria contract. Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles. As the right ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood through the aorta to all tissues of the body. |
Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles. |
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Which event occurs first during diastole? The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. Blood flows into the relaxed atria while the ventricles contract. The atria and ventricles contract simultaneously. The atria contract while blood flows into the relaxed ventricles. |
The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. |
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Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured? The atria contract while blood flows into the relaxed ventricles. The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria. The atria and ventricles contract simultaneously. |
The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria. |
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Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta? systole of the left atrium |
systole of the left ventricle |
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary vein left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle pulmonary circuit |
vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery |
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A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat (milliliters per beat), and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of _____. 1,750 mL/minute |
4,900 mL/minute |
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Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans _____. would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta would have a negative effect on peripheral resistance |
would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions |
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If a molecule of carbon dioxide released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following EXCEPT _____. an alveolus |
the pulmonary vein |
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