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plasmodesmata |
an open channel in a plant cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells |
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endomembrane system |
a network of membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles |
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central vacuole |
in a plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth and storage of chemicals and wastes |
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rough endoplasmic reticulum |
ribosomes attached that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins |
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intermediate filament |
an intermediate-sized protein fiber |
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nuclear envelope |
a double membrane that encloses the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm |
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plasma membrane |
the membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell; consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
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microfilament |
the thinnest of the three main kinds of protein fibers |
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cytoplasm |
the contents of a eukaryotic cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; jelly-like |
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lysosome |
a digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells; contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest engulfed food or damaged organelles |
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eukaryotic cell |
a type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed these. |
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cellular metabolism |
all the chemical activities of a cell |
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integrin |
a transmembrane protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton in animal cells |
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chromatin |
the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes |
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes |
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glycoprotein |
a protein with one or more short chains of sugars attached to it |
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endoplasmic reticulum |
composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosom-free (smooth) regions |
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nucleolus |
a structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to make ribosomal subunits |
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mitochondrial matrix |
the compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substances for the citric acid cycle |
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nucleoid |
a non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated |
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flagellum |
a long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion. |
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cytoskeleton |
includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules |
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prokaryotic cell |
a type of cell lacking membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea |
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golgi apparatus |
an organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum |
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cytosol |
the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
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mitochondrion |
an organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration occurs. Enclosed by two membranes, it is where most of the cell’s ATP is made |
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chloroplast |
an organelle found in plants and algae that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds (sugars) from carbon dioxide and water |
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cilia |
a short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion or moving fluid past the cell |
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centrosome |
a structure found in animal cells from which microtubules originate and that is important during cell division. has two centriols |
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extracellular matrix |
the meshwork surrounding animal cells; consisits of glycoproteins and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by cells |
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cell wall |
a protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists; protects the cell and helps maintain its shape |
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chromosome |
a gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
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vacuole |
a membrane-enclosed sac that is part of the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell and has diverse functions in different kinds of cells |
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organelle |
a membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell |
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nucleus |
(1) and atoms central core, containing protons and neutrons (2) the organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains te genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made of chromatin |
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transport vesicle |
a small membranous sac in a eukaryotic cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. |
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microtubule |
the thickest of the three main kinds of fibers |
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vesicle |
the sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell |
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ribosome |
a cell structure consisting of RNA and protein |
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peroxisome |
an organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide |
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crista |
an infolding of the inner mitochondrial membrane |
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four parts of ALL cells |
-plasma membrane -cytoplasm -ribosomes -DNA |
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prokariotic |
-no nucleus -smaller (10x-100x) -no organelles -single-celled -have plasmids ("extra" DNA) -chromosomes in a LOOP -ALL have cell walls -has 4 parts of ALL cells |
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eukaryotic |
-nucleus -larger -organelles -plants, animals, fungi, protists -can be single or multi celled -chromosomes are linear w/ histone proteins -has 4 parts of ALL cells |
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cristae |
What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration? |
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microtubules |
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. |
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dynein |
part of the proteins that make up microtubules |
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integrins |
What component of the cell membrane connects signals from the outside of the cell with the inside of the cell and vice versa? |
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desmosomes |
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. |
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stomach tissue |
Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions? |
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plasmodesmata |
Which plant structure is most like gap junctions in animal cells? |
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mitochondrion |
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? |
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nucleolus |
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. |
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ribosomes |
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. |
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rough endoplasmic reticulum |
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane? |
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plasma membrane |
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell. |
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
Where is calcium stored? |
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microtubules |
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? |
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basal bodies |
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. |
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peroxisome |
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? |
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mitochondrion |
Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism? |
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