Spina bifida is defined as: |
Correct Response B) a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column. |
Which of the following does NOT usually contribute to or cause obesity? A) Rapid metabolism |
Correct Response A) Rapid metabolism |
Cerebral palsy is a condition that results from damage or injury to the: A) brain. |
Correct Response A) brain. |
Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct? A) Autism affects females four times greater than males. |
Correct Response C) Most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age. |
Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth: A) secretions can build up in and around the tube. |
Correct Response A) secretions can build up in and around the tube. |
Which of the following statements regarding patients with intellectual disabilities is correct? |
Correct Response B) Patients with intellectual disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients. |
Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct? A) In most cases, it is more appropriate for the EMT to contact medical control prior to speaking with the patient’s primary caregiver. |
Correct Response D) Communication with the patient’s caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient’s condition. |
You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to: A) avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen. |
Correct Answer A) avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen. |
Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their: A) teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue. |
Correct Response A) teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue. |
When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to: A) allow a service dog to remain with the patient at all times, even if the patient is critically ill. |
Correct Response D) tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings. |
When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that: A) they are unable to walk and are totally dependent upon you. |
Correct Answer B) their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury. |
A person is said to be obese when he or she is ________ over his or her ideal weight. |
Correct Answer C) 30% or more |
A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should: A) attempt to troubleshoot the mechanical ventilator problem. |
Correct Response B) disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar. |
When assessing or providing care to a patient with an intellectual disability, you should: A) explain procedures while in the process of performing them. |
Correct Answer B) be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient. |
General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include: |
Correct Response D) positioning yourself approximately 18 inches directly in front of the patient. |
When interacting with an intellectually disabled patient, the best approach is to: A) speak primarily with the patient’s family to establish the degree of disability. |
Correct Answer C) ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient. |
If a patient’s mechanical ventilator malfunctions, you should remove the patient from the ventilator and: |
Correct Response C) begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask. |
Down syndrome patients are at an increased risk for medical complications. Which of the following is NOT one of those potential complications? A) Respiratory complications |
Correct Response A) Respiratory complications |
A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a: A) shunt. |
Correct Response A) shunt. |
Which of the following would be the MOST practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located? A) Attempting to use body language to determine the problem |
Correct Response B) Using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions |
Patients with autism: A) have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps. |
Correct Response A) have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps. |
Because hearing-impaired patients typically have more difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, it is important for you to: A) try basic sign language first. |
Correct Response C) lower the pitch of your voice. |
Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used? A) To permanently replace the function of one or both of the ventricles |
Correct Response B) As a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located |
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely be encountered in a patient with cerebral palsy? A) Paralysis |
Correct Answer D) Seizure disorder |
General care for a patient with a tracheostomy tube includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A) ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation at all times. |
Correct Answer B) removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected. |
Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled ________ movement. A) eye |
Correct Answer C) body |
A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should: A) recognize that the batteries in his hearing aids are probably depleted. |
Correct Response C) try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume. |
EMTs are dispatched for a fall. The patient, a 16-year-old female with Down syndrome, is experiencing difficulty walking and says that her fingers "feel like needles." The EMTs should suspect: A) a seizure. |
Correct Response C) a cervical spine injury. |
Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of: A) an extra pair of chromosomes. |
Correct Response C) a triplication of chromosome 21 |
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the care of a patient with cerebral palsy? A) Do not assume these patients are mentally disabled. |
Correct Response C) Walkers or wheelchairs should not be taken in the ambulance. |
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding patients with autism? A) They fail to use or understand nonverbal communication. |
Correct Response B) They will talk with normal tone and speech patterns. |
A ventricular atrium shunt drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the: A) right atrium of the heart. |
Correct Response A) right atrium of the heart. |
According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube? A) Look for blood or other secretions in the tube. |
Correct Response C) Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction. |
When caring for a patient with a previous head injury, you should: |
Correct Response C) watch the patient for signs of anxiety. |
When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to: A) report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary. |
Correct Response A) report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary. |
Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) a local infection. |
Correct Response D) rupture of a central vein. |
According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA): A) all health care facilities are legally obligated to provide assessment and care only if the patient is critically ill or injured. |
Correct Response B) all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient’s ability to pay. |
By placing one hand on your head and the other hand over your abdomen, you are asking a hearing-impaired patient if he or she: |
Correct Response B) is sick. |
A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called a(n): A) colostomy. |
Correct Response A) colostomy. |
The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to: A) divert excess cerebrospinal fluid to the ventricles of the brain. |
Correct Response D) prevent excess cerebrospinal fluid from accumulating in the brain. |
Ch. 36 – Patients with Special Challenges
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