Dietary supplements and decongestants containing ephedrine have recently become more strongly regulated in the United States. Ephedrine is an extract of a plant belonging to which phylum? |
phylum Gnetophyta |
In which phylum is the organism thought to be the world's oldest living tree? |
Coniferophyta |
In addition to seeds, what is a trait unique to seed plants? |
Pollen |
The pollen of conifers is primarily dispersed by __________. |
wind |
The seed coat's most important function is to provide protection for the __________. |
sporophyte embryo |
The pore in the integuments of an angiosperm ovule through which sperm is delivered is the __________. |
micropyle |
A plant is said to be cross-pollinated if __________. |
pollen grains are transferred to a flower on a different plant |
In gymnosperms, the seed coat develops from the integument. In angiosperms, the seed coat develops from the __________. |
integuments |
Which of the following is a trait possessed by all angiosperms? |
Double fertilization |
Which of the following is not a gymnosperm? |
Coconut palm |
Which of the following best describes the function of fruits? |
Protection and dispersal of seeds |
The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always __________. |
produces spores |
Angiosperms are thought to have originated in which period? |
Cretaceous |
In flowers, pollen is produced in the __________. |
anther |
In which group is the sporophyte stage dominant in the alternation of generations? |
All vascular plants |
The dicots are now thought to be in the paraphyletic group, and the majority of dicot species are now placed in the eudicots. Which of the following is a member of a group that was included in the dicots but is now included in the eudicots? |
Southern magnolia |
Which of the following is not an advantage seeds provide over spores? |
Asexual reproduction |
At current rates of deforestation, tropical rain forests will be eliminated in __________ years. |
200 |
Of the following, which is a difference in how reproduction occurs in gymnosperms compared to angiosperms? |
Only the sperm of angiosperms combine with two central cell nuclei to form triploid endosperm |
The closest seedless relatives of seed plants produce one kind of spore that gives rise to a bisexual gametophyte. What does this suggest about the ancestors of seed plants? |
They were homosporous |
Which gymnosperm phylum below is characterized by large cones and fern-like leaves and thrived during the Mesozoic? |
Cycadophyta |
What significant change occurred on Earth between the Carboniferous period and the Permian period that most likely contributed to the success of the gymnosperms? |
The climate became drier and warmer. |
Which of the following is a conifer? |
European Larch, Longleaf Pine, Sequoia common juniper |
Which of the following is enclosed within the pollen wall of a pollen grain? |
Male gametophyte |
Which example below is evidence provided by living gymnosperms of an evolutionary transition between seedless and seed plants? |
The sperm of some gymnosperms have flagella. |
Six major crops—wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, cassava, and sweet potatoes—constitute what percentage of all the calories consumed by humans? |
80% |
Which of the following is not a trait characteristic of monocots? |
Taproot |
Besides the plant tissue that humans ingest, which angiosperm tissue is most directly important for human survival? |
Xylem |
A bright pink flower with deep floral tubes will most likely be pollinated by which mechanism? |
Birds with long beaks |
A pea pod is formed from __________. A pea inside the pod is formed from __________. |
an ovary; an ovule |
inner (endosperm: a nutrient-rich tissue, formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization, that provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds) |
endo- |
a fruit (carpel: the ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary) |
carp- |
a flower (anther: the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm- producing male gametophytes forms |
anth- |