Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the |
bladder |
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? |
pancreas |
Digestion refers to the |
B and C only |
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? |
filtration |
The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the |
mucosa |
Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? |
coordinates activity of muscularis externa |
Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds. |
muscularis mucosa |
The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. |
mesenteries |
Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the |
submucosal plexus. |
Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the |
myenteric plexus. |
Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the A) mucosa. |
submucosa |
The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the A)lamina propria. |
lamina propria. |
A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, except in the |
stomach |
A feature of the digestive epithelium that assists expansion of the organ is the presence of |
both B and D |
Which of these descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? |
sensory neural network |
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called |
peristalsis |
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called |
mass movements. |
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by |
all of the above |
The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except |
absorption of monosaccharides. |
________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. |
Three |
The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar. |
parotid |
A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the |
uvula |
Functions of the tongue include all of the following, except |
partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. |
The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called |
dentin |
The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the |
pulp cavity. |
The root of a tooth is covered by |
cementum |
The crown of a tooth is covered by |
enamel |
During deglutition, |
all of the above |
Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands? |
contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides |
The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the |
B and C only |
The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the |
vestibule |
The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the |
gingiva |
The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the |
lingual frenulum. |
The uvula is located at the |
posterior margin of the soft palate. |
_______ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping. |
Incisors |
________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing. |
Cuspids |
_______ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding. |
Molars |
The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the gut tube. These include |
A and C only |
Functions of the stomach include all of the following, except |
absorption of triglycerides. |
Parietal cells secrete |
hydrochloric acid. |
Chief cells secrete |
pepsinogen |
G cells of the stomach secrete |
gastrin |
Which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to? |
cardia |
The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the |
fundus |
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the A) body. |
body |
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the |
pylorus |
The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called |
rugae |
The greater omentum is |
a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera. |
Gastric pits are |
openings into gastric glands. |
The enzyme pepsin digests A) carbohydrates. |
proteins |
An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is |
rennin |
Lacteals |
carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system. |
Plicae and intestinal villi |
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. |
Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the |
duodenum |
The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the A) duodenum and the jejunum. |
common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. |
The villi are most developed in the |
jejunum |
Peyer patches are characteristic of the |
ileum |
Which of these enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? |
all of the above |
Brunner glands are characteristic of the |
duodenum |
The pylorus empties into the A) ileum. |
duodenum |
The middle segment of the small intestine is the |
jejunum |
The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the |
ileum |
Plicae circulares are |
circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine. |
An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands is |
enterocrinin |
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is |
secretin |
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is |
cholecystokinin |
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is |
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). |
An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is A) secretin. |
gastrin |
Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin? |
stimulates gastric secretion |
The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s). |
four |
The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the A) hepatic portal vein. |
common bile duct. |
In the center of a liver lobule there is a |
central vein. |
The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of |
pancreatic acini. |
Each of the following is a function of the liver, except A) synthesis and secretion of bile. |
antibody production. |
The basic functional unit of the liver is the |
lobule |
________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates converging toward a central vein. |
Hepatocytes |
The Kupffer cells of the liver A) destroy RBCs. |
all of the above |
The pancreas produces |
all of the above |
The pancreas produces ________-digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes. |
protein |
The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the |
falciform ligament. |
Bile is stored in the |
gallbladder |
During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, |
there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach. |
The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the A) sight, thought, or smell of food. |
entry of food into the stomach. |
All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, except that it |
precedes the gastric phase. |
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include |
A and B only |
The gastroileal reflex |
moves some chyme to the colon. |
Nutrients are absorbed by all of the following, except |
osmosis |
Functions of the large intestine include |
B and C only |
At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the |
transverse colon. |
Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the A) anus. |
rectum |
Haustra are |
expansible pouches of the colon. |
The taenia coli are |
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall. |
The saclike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the |
cecum |
A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the |
appendix |
Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. |
mass |
The enzyme amylase digests A) peptides. |
polysaccharides |
An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is |
trypsin |
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the |
mouth |
Products of fat digestion are transported initially by |
lymphatic vessels. |
The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves |
cotransport |
The digestive tract is also referred to as the |
both A and C |
The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement. |
mesentery proper |
This organ is primarily responsible for water absorption. |
large intestine |
Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? |
greater omentum |
Which of these descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)? |
causes gall bladder to contract |
The ________ mechanically digests ingested food. |
stomach |
Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae? |
submucosa |
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials? |
large intestine |
The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity |
all of the above |
Which of the following contains a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein? |
falciform ligament |
Which of the following is not a component of the hepatic triad found at the edges of a liver lobule? |
central vein |
Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar? |
digestive epithelium |
Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the digestive system each day. |
7 |
Identify the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and bicarbonate ion. |
parotid |
The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called A) peritoneal sheets. |
mesenteries |
What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver? |
lesser omentum |
Which layer of the digestive tract directly underlies the epithelium? |
lamina propria |
All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium, except the |
esophagus |
Which of the following is surrounded by a serosa? |
small intestine |
Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of |
local stimulation. |
________ are also known as canines. |
Cuspids |
The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium. |
stratified squamous |
The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth. |
sublingual |
Which of these statements about the tongue is false? |
secretes salivary amylase |
Which of these descriptions best matches the term duodenal ampulla? |
where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum |
Which of the following is a function of the tongue? |
all of the above |
Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase? |
parotid |
Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on |
A, B, and C |
Functions of teeth include |
all of the above |
________ crush and grind food. A) Bicuspids |
both A and C |
The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients is the |
jejunum |
The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is |
gastrin |
The essential functions of the liver include |
all of the above |
If the lingual frenulum is too restrictive, an individual |
all of the above |
Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from A) sympathetic stimulation. B) hormonal stimulation. |
parasympathetic stimulation |
The secretion of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by |
A, B, and C |
At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the |
descending colon. |
Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of |
fats |
During deglutition, which of the following phases is not present? |
laryngeal |
A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would |
decrease intestinal motility. |
Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in |
swallowing |
All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that it |
recycles bile. |
Which of the following is greater? |
the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal |
Enterogastric reflexes |
all of the above |
The part of the small intestine most likely to develop an ulcer from exposure to gastric juice is the |
duodenum |
In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the |
blood levels of secretin rise. |
A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would |
A, B, and C |
In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid |
rich in bicarbonate ion. |
In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid |
rich in enzymes. |
If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably |
lactose |
All of the following are true of the process known as cotransport, except that |
only neutral compounds such as sugars are transported. |
Parietal cells secrete |
intrinsic factor. |
The stomach is able to distend a great deal as it receives food because of all of the following, except that A) there is a great deal of loose tissue in the form of rugae. |
the hormone gastrin relaxes stomach smooth muscle. |
A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in A) a lower pH during gastric digestion. |
a higher pH during gastric digestion. |
A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect A) acid production by the stomach. |
A, B, and C |
An obstruction of the common bile duct often results in |
A and B only |
If the pancreatic duct was obstructed, you would expect to see elevated blood levels of |
amylase |
Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for A) protein malnutrition. |
pernicious anemia. |
Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom? |
jaundice |
Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony? A) increased clotting time |
all of the above |
look at diagrams |
… |
ch. 24 digestive system test bank
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