abduction |
move body part away from midline |
adduction |
move body part toward midline |
ankylosis |
immobility, consolidation, fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery, most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis |
bursa |
enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction |
circumduction |
moving arm in a circle around the shoulder/leg – hip |
crepitation |
dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone |
dorsal |
directed toward or located on surface |
eversion |
move sole of foot outward at ankle |
extension |
straighten limb at joint |
flexion |
bending limb at a joint |
inversion |
moving sole of foot inward at the ankle |
kyphosis |
outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback |
ligament |
fibrous band running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthens joint |
lordosis |
inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine |
patella |
kneecap |
plantar |
sole of foot surface |
pronation |
turning the forearm so that the palm is down |
protraction |
move a body part forward & parallel to the ground |
ROM |
extent of movement of a joint |
retraction |
moving a body part backward & parallel to the ground |
rheumatoid arthritis |
chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints & surrounding connective tissue |
sciatica |
nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg & into the foot |
scoliosis |
S shaped curvature of the thoracic spine, ant/post, or lateral L/R |
supination |
turning the forearm so that the palm is up |
tendon |
strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone |
List four signs that suggest acute inflammation in a joint |
swelling, heat, redness, and pain |
dislocation |
Displacement of a body part, especially the temporary displacement of a bone from its normal position. |
subluxation |
Incomplete or partial dislocation of a bone in a joint. |
contracture |
abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to passive stretching. |
ankylosis |
… |
Describe the correct method for use of the goniometer |
extend joint to neutral or 0 degrees; center 0 point on goniometer on the joint; keep fixed arm of the goniometer on the 0 line and use the movable arm to measure; flex the joint and measure through the goniometer to determine the angle of greatest flexion. |
differentiate testing of active range of motion versus passive range of motion |
Active ROM is done when a person can do the exercises by himself; Passive ROM exercises are done for a person by a helper. The helper does the ROM exercises because the person cannot do them by himself. |
State the expected range of degrees of flexion and extension of the following joints: |
• Elbow – flexion of 150° – 160°, extension at 0° • Wrist – flexion 90°, extension 70° • Fingers (at metacarpophalangeal joints) – flexion at 90°, hyperextension at 30° • Hip – flexion at 90°, 120° • Knee – flexion at 130° – 150°, extension at 0° • Ankle – plantar 45, dorsi 20 |
Explain the method of measuring leg lenght |
To determine if one leg is shorter than the other; Normally these measurements are equal or within 1 cm, indicating no true bone discrepancy. True leg lengths are equal, but apparent leg lengths unequal – this condition occurs with pelvic obliquity or adduction or flexion deformity in the hip |
State four landmarks to note when checking an adolescent for scoliosis. |
unequal shoulder elevation, unequal scapulae, obvious curvature, and unequal hip level |
When performing a functional assessment for an older adult, state the common adaptations of the aging person makes when attempting these manoeuvers: |
• Walking: shuffling patter and swaying • Climbing up stairs: person holds on to handrail • Walking down stairs: person holds on to handrail with both hands • Picking up object from floor: often bends at waist instead of knees • Rising up from sitting in chair: uses arms to push off chair arms • Rising up from lying in bed: may roll to one side, push arm to lift up torso |
Describe the symptoms and signs in carpal tunnel syndrome. |
Pain, burning, numbness |
Contrast syndactyly and polydactyly |
Syndactyly: webbed fingers. the metacarpals and phalanges of the webbed fingers are different lengths, and the joints do not line up. Polydactyly: Extra fingers, but does not affect the ROM comparing to syndactyly Both are a congenital deformity |
Ch 22 Jarvis Musculoskeletal System Assessment
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