the agranular leukocyte (agranulocyte) that is capable of phagocytosis is the ______ |
monocyte |
people with type "o" blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because |
their blood lacks A and B antigens |
the white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the |
neutrophils |
the common pathway in coagulation ends with |
conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin |
most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by |
the liver |
the percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the |
hematocrit |
the combination of plasma and formed elements is called |
whole blood |
a person who has a low blood volume is said to be |
hypovolemic |
the chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the |
concentration of proteins |
are antibodies a formed element of blood? |
no |
the most abundant solute in plasma is |
protein |
serum cant coagulate because the _____ has been removed |
fibrinogen |
transferrin is an example of what kind of plasma protein |
metalloprotein |
what plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? |
albumin |
which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins |
liver |
plasma proteins essential in body defense are the |
immunoglobulins |
a plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is |
fibrinogen |
the formed elements are largely produced within the |
red bone marrow |
red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone |
erythroprotein |
the disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen is |
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal |
an obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in |
increases erythropoiesis |
each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses and atom of |
iron |
the function of hemoglobin is to |
carry dissolved blood gases |
pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by |
injections of vitamin b12 |
a bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because |
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin |
the waste product bilirubin is produced from |
heme molecules lacking iron |
most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is |
recycled to the red bone marrow |
the process of red blood cell production is called |
erythopoiesis |
each hemoglobin molecule contains |
four iron atoms |
A person with a type A positive blood type can safely receive blood from O+ A- A+ but not |
B+ |
people with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because |
their blood lacks A or B antigens |
anti D antibodies are present in the blood of |
Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen |
granulocytes form in |
red bone marrow |
the most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the |
neutrophils |
white blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are |
basophils |
____ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells |
monocytes |
white blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the |
eosinophils |
eosinophils function in |
destroying antibody labeled antigens |
the blood cells involved in specific immunity are the |
lymphocytes |
non specific immunity such as phagocytosis is a function of which blood cells? |
neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes |
the function of platelets is to assist in the |
process called hemostasis |
platelets are pinched off from giant multnucleated cells in the bone marrow called |
megakaryocytes |
platelets are |
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells |
during fibrinolysis |
clots slowly dissolve |
the enzyme that dissolves fibrin is names |
plasmin |
the complex process that leads to the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen is called |
coagulation |
the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the |
release of tissue factor (factoryIII) by damaged endothelium |
the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is acitvated by the |
activation of factor XII exposed to collagen |
the common pathway of coagulation begins with the |
conversion of factor X to prothrombinase |
some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver’s ability to utilize vitamin K. animals that consume this poison would die of |
hemorrhage |
a substance that activated plasminogen might be useful to |
cause clot dissolution to proceed faster |
what vitamin is need for the formation of clotting factors? |
vitamin k |
a moving blood clot is called an |
embolus |
the most abundant component of plasma is |
water |
CH 19 A & P
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