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1. Which of the following is the most important determinant of the effectiveness of psychotherapy? A. The duration of therapy sessions B. The therapeutic alliance C. The cost involved in therapy D. The number of therapy sessions |
B. The therapeutic alliance |
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2. In the context of types of therapy, psychoanalysis is a _____ therapy. A. skill-development B. insight-oriented C. symptom-oriented D. action-oriented |
B. insight-oriented |
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3. According to Freud’s psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person’s core problems? A. Reinforcing the client for ignoring neurotic thoughts B. Bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness C. Having the client transfer fears and anxieties to the therapist D. Helping the client to repress unpleasant memories more effectively |
B. Bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness |
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4. Which of the following statements is true of psychodynamic therapies? A. They stress typically on the conscious mind and ignore the unconscious mind of the individual. B. They ensure that individuals with problems suppress their unpleasant memories. C. They focus on the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems. D. They require minimal interpretation by the therapist. |
C. They focus on the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems. |
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5. The main goal of psychoanalysis is to: A. persuade clients to abandon their irrational, anxiety-inducing beliefs. B. provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts. C. train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior. D. demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client. |
B. provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts. |
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6. According to Freud’s therapeutic technique, getting people to talk freely: A. exhausts them. B. causes them to lose focus. C. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge. D. masks their unconscious conflicts. |
C. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge. |
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7. In psychoanalysis, the term transference refers to: A. a client’s resistance to the therapist’s suggestions. B. a client’s transfer of parental conflicts onto the therapist. C. the technique that psychoanalysts adopt for interpreting the dreams of their respective clients. D. a client’s way of relating to the analyst in order to relive his or her important relationships. |
D. a client’s way of relating to the analyst in order to relive his or her important relationships. |
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8. Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis? A. In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish. B. Dreams represent unconscious conflicts; therefore, they must be ignored. C. Dreams provide individuals with an outlet to express their conscious wishes and desires. D. In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst asks a person to say aloud whatever comes to mind. |
A. In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish |
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9. Transference is useful in the therapeutic situation because it: A. provides an opportunity to recreate important relationships. B. redirects anxiety to the unconscious mind. C. suppresses the release of painful and powerful emotions. D. creates resistance. |
A. provides an opportunity to recreate important relationships |
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10. Since his father left, Joel has been treating his older brother more like a father and has been sharing all his feeling with him. From a psychoanalyst’s viewpoint, the older brother in this scenario is synonymous to a therapist and Joel’s behavior toward his older brother is the result of _____. A. free association B. transference C. resistance D. interpretation |
B. transference |
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11. Dr. Billings is a therapist who is specialized in psychoanalysis. Hence, she lays emphasis on: A. prescribing medication that will reduce clients’ anxiety. B. teaching clients to suppress their fears systematically. C. offering action-oriented strategies to help people change their behaviors. D. using techniques such as free association and dream analysis to deal with client issues. |
D. using techniques such as free association and dream analysis to deal with client issues. |
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12. In the context of types of therapy, client-centered therapy follows a _____ approach. A. symptom-oriented B. nondirective C. skill-development D. insight-oriented |
B. nondirective |
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13. Which of the following statements is true about humanistic therapies? A. They focus on the individual’s self-healing capacities. B. They emphasize unconscious rather than conscious thoughts. C. They emphasize the past rather than the present. D. They are directive and action-oriented approaches. |
A. They focus on the individual’s self-healing capacities |
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14. Which of the following is an element recognized by Carl Rogers as one that is essential for human growth? A. Self-efficacy B. Intelligence C. Self-actualization D. Genuineness |
D. Genuineness |
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15. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize: A. change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts. B. unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts. C. the past rather than the present. D. self-fulfillment rather than illness. |
A. change in behavior rather than underlying thoughts |
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16. Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapies? A. They encourage self-awareness as the key to psychological health. B. They offer action-oriented strategies to help people change underlying thoughts or emotions. C. They lay emphasis on the person’s self-healing capacities. D. They assume that insight is irrelevant to the goal of treatment. |
B. They offer action-oriented strategies to help people change underlying thoughts or emotions |
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17. Megan has a fear of public speaking and therefore visits a behavioral therapist to help her overcome this fear. Which of the following techniques should be implemented by the therapist to resolve Megan’s fear? A. Dream analysis B. Systematic desensitization C. Aversive conditioning D. Client-centered therapy |
B. Systematic desensitization |
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18. Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization? A. Hypnosis B. Cognitive restructuring C. Relaxation exercises D. Dream analysis |
C. Relaxation exercises |
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19. The first step in systematic desensitization is to: A. arrange the frightening aspects in a hierarchy. B. teach the client to associate relaxation with anxiety-producing situations. C. teach the client to imagine the least feared stimulus in the hierarchy. D. discuss aspects of the feared situation that are most and least frightening. |
A. arrange the frightening aspects in a hierarchy. |
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20. In systematic desensitization, after the client has mentioned about the most and the least frightening aspects of the feared situation, the very next step involves: A. teaching the client to imagine the least feared stimulus in the hierarchy. B. arranging the frightening aspects in a hierarchy. C. teaching the client to relax. D. teaching the client to imagine the most feared stimulus in the hierarchy. |
C. teaching the client to relax |
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21. If a therapist gives Henry, who is suffering from alcoholism, a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that he feels like throwing up after drinking the alcohol, it can be concluded that the therapist is implementing the technique of _____. A. systematic desensitization B. aversive conditioning C. transference D. free association |
B. aversive conditioning |
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22. Which of the following therapies is based on the principles of classical conditioning? A. Self-instructional method B. Applied behavioral analysis C. Systematic desensitization D. Dream analysis |
B. Applied behavioral analysis |
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23. Justin is an 8-year-old boy who suffers from autism. He has been brought to Sasha, a behavioral therapist, by his mother for his constant self-harming behavior. According to this scenario, which of the following techniques is likely to be implemented by Sasha to curb Justin’s self-harming behavior? A. Free association B. Client-centered therapy C. Applied behavioral analysis D. Aversive conditioning |
C. Applied behavioral analysis |
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24. The therapy that is based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to self-defeating and irrational thoughts is: A. humanistic psychotherapy. B. cognitive therapy. C. operant conditioning. D. psychoanalysis. |
B. cognitive therapy |
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25. A cognitive therapist helps a client who suffers from a major depressive disorder by: A. using systematic desensitization to replace depressive thoughts with feelings of relaxation. B. getting the client to recognize and identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs. C. bringing unconscious conflicts from the client’s past and analyzing them. D. engaging the client in a dialogue about negative childhood experiences. |
B. getting the client to recognize and identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs |
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26. All cognitive therapies focus on: A. eliminating irrational and self-defeating thoughts. B. building transference and resistance in clients. C. implementing positive and negative reinforcement techniques. D. gaining insight into the unconscious conflicts that underlie clients’ problems. |
A. eliminating irrational and self-defeating thoughts |
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27. Leanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend. Her therapist points out that her thoughts, and not the situation itself, are the cause of her illness. This information suggests that Leanne’s therapist practices: A. psychodynamic therapy. B. behavioral therapy. C. client-centered therapy. D. cognitive therapy. |
D. cognitive therapy |
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28. Cognitive therapy attempts to produce change by: A. bringing the unconscious thoughts to consciousness. B. helping clients to eliminate self-defeating thoughts. C. helping clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance. D. having clients re-experience unhealthy relationships. |
B. helping clients to eliminate self-defeating thoughts. |
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29. Carrie tells her therapist that when she interacts with the opposite gender, she feels extremely anxious and a cascade of negative opinions arise in her mind. In response to Carrie’s statement, her therapist asks her to picture a red light whenever such opinions arise in her mind. According to this scenario, which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Carrie’s therapist? A. Thought stopping B. Guided Association C. Distraction D. Decatastrophizing |
A. Thought stopping |
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30. _____ is a technique in cognitive therapy. A. Detriangulation B. Reframing C. Validation D. Decatastrophize |
D. Decatastrophize |
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31. Which of the following is a cognitive therapy technique whereby clients rate their emotions in order to gain a perspective of their situation? A. Distraction B. Questioning the evidence C. Labeling of distortions D. Scaling |
D. Scaling |
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32. Which of the following is a class of drugs administered on patients with anxiety disorders? A. Tetracyclics B. Neuroleptics C. Benzodiazepines D. Tricyclics |
C. Benzodiazepines |
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33. The group of drugs known as SSRIs work primarily by interfering with the reabsorption of _____ in the brain. A. monoamine B. dopamine C. norepinephrine D. serotonin |
D. serotonin |
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34. In the context of drug therapy, the widespread increase in the number of individuals taking SSRIs to combat their depression is primarily due to the: A. lesser side effects as compared to other antidepressants. B. lack of withdrawal symptoms upon stopping the use of these drugs. C. misdiagnoses of depression among young people. D. reduced costs of these drugs. |
A. lesser side effects as compared to other antidepressants |
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35. Lithium is considered as an effective mood stabilizing drug to treat _____. A. obsessive-compulsive disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. panic disorder D. bipolar disorder |
D. bipolar disorder |
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36. Which of the following is a class of antipsychotic drugs that is administered as a part of drug therapy? A. Tricyclics B. Neuroleptics C. Benzodiazepines D. Tetracyclics |
B. Neuroleptics |
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37. Clozapine is used to treat _____. A. Alzheimer’s disease B. anxiety disorder C. mood swings D. schizophrenia |
D. schizophrenia |
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38. Chaz has been on antipsychotic medication for several weeks now. As a consequence, he will experience the side effect of: A. fatigue. B. loss of weight. C. involuntary muscle movement. D. excessive sleep. |
C. involuntary muscle movement |
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39. Which of the following class of drugs is used to treat agoraphobia? A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors B. Neuroleptics C. Tetracyclic drugs D. Tricyclic drugs |
D. Tricyclic drugs |
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40. Riley is suffering from depression and has been administered the drug Avanza, a tetracyclic drug. According to this information, which of the following side effects is she likely to experience as a result of the intake of this drug? A. Insomnia B. Tardive dyskinesia C. Cardiac problems D. Increased appetite |
D. Increased appetite |
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41. Avril is suffering from major depressive disorder and has been administered the drug Elavil, a tricyclic drug. According to this information, which of the following side effects is she likely to experience as a result of the intake of this drug? A. Nervousness B. Increased appetite C. Memory loss D. Suicidal thoughts |
C. Memory loss |
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42. Ivan is suffering from a severe episode of major depressive disorder. According to the biological methods, which of the following treatment approaches will be useful in reducing his symptoms in the short-run and provide rapid relief to the person’s mood? A. Psychoanalysis B. Electroconvulsive therapy C. Cognitive-behavioral therapy D. Rational-emotive therapy |
B. Electroconvulsive therapy |
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43. Which of the following is a side-effect of administering electroconvulsive therapy? A. Cardiac problems B. Memory loss C. Tardive dyskinesia D. Metabolic Syndrome |
B. Memory loss |
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44. Sharon visits Dr. Noel after being under several medications that have failed to have cured her condition. Dr. Noel tells her that many well-designed studies suggest that electroconvulsive therapy is effective in the treatment of: A. sleep apnea. B. agoraphobia. C. schizophrenia. D. depression. |
D. depression |
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45. Which of the following is the LEAST used biological intervention for patients with severe psychological disorders? A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation B. Deep brain stimulation C. Psychosurgery D. Drug therapy |
C. Psychosurgery |
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46. Nathan has been suffering from alcohol addiction for the past two years. He has visited several psychiatrists who have prescribed certain drugs. However, these medications have not shown any significant improvement in his symptoms. He decides to visit Alastair, a therapist, for help. According to this scenario, which of the following sociocultural approaches should be implemented by Alastair? A. Systematic desensitization B. Applied behavioral analysis C. Cognitive therapy D. Group therapy |
D. Group therapy |
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47. A major advantage of group therapy is that clients: A. have more opportunities to develop social skills. B. maintain professional boundaries. C. can hide their own thoughts while the others talk freely without inhibition. D. become dependent on other clients rather than the therapist. |
A. have more opportunities to develop social skills |
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48. Which of the following is a characteristic of group therapy? A. Transference B. Altruism C. Self-efficacy D. Self-actualization |
B. Altruism |
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49. Which of the following is a feature of group therapy? A. Reattribution B. Validation C. Distraction D. Transference |
B. Validation |
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50. In the context of community mental health movement, deinstitutionalization involves: A. releasing individuals with mental disorders from prison. B. releasing individuals with mental disorders into the custody of law officials. C. transferring individuals with psychological disorders from mental institutions to community-based facilities. D. transferring individuals with mental disorders from regular hospitals to psychiatry-based facilities. |
C. transferring individuals with psychological disorders from mental institutions to community-based facilities |
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