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What is a major function of the endocrine system? The endocrine system produces immediate, short-lasting effects. |
The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to reach receptors on target cells. |
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Which of the following is a primary endocrine organ? thyroid gland |
thyroid gland |
|
Hormones only affect certain types of cells known as target cells. |
True |
|
Hormones that control hormone secretion from other glands are known as __________. steroid hormones |
tropic hormones |
|
What type of tissue makes up the adenohypophysis, or anterior pituitary gland? glandular epithelium |
glandular epithelium |
|
What stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin)? increasing solute concentration of the urine |
increasing solute concentration of the blood |
|
Thermoregulation is the responsibility of __________. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
thyroid hormones |
|
What stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? low basal metabolic rate |
hypocalcemia |
|
The follicle cells of the thyroid gland produce thyroid hormones while the parafollicular cells produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). |
False parafollicular cells produce calcitonin |
|
What hormones are produced by zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex? glucocorticoids |
mineralocorticoids |
|
Which hormone acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent? aldosterone |
cortisol |
|
The effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine have nearly the same effects as the neurotransmitters of the __________. sympathetic nervous system |
sympathetic nervous system |
|
Glucagon operates under __________. neurohormonal stimulation |
humoral stimulation |
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What hormone is the primary antagonist of glucagon? growth hormone |
insulin |
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Glucosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia are symptoms of both type I diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and type II diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus). |
True |
|
Thymosin and thymopoietin assist in the maturation of __________. B lymphocytes |
T lymphocytes |
|
Testosterone is produced by the __________. posterior pituitary |
testes |
|
Melatonin appears to adjust the sleep phase of the sleep/wake cycle of some people. |
True |
|
Which hormones work synergistically to retain water? atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone |
|
What hormone(s) determines the basal metabolic rate at rest when fasting? insulin |
thyroid hormones |
|
Chemical messengers released by endocrine glands to regulate some functions of other cells are known as __________. antibodies |
hormones |
|
What type of hormone can cross the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus? amine hormones |
hydrophobic hormones |
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With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship? adrenal gland |
pituitary gland |
|
What is delivered over the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system? trophic hormones |
releasing and inhibiting hormones |
|
What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin)? increases urine production by the kidneys |
water retention by the kidneys |
|
What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) target? anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) |
thyroid gland |
|
What hormone is made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland? calcitonin |
calcitonin |
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What element is necessary for the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)? iodine |
iodine |
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What is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? increased absorption of calcium ions by the small intestine |
increased osteoblast activity |
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Aldosterone regulates __________. blood glucose levels |
extracellular sodium and potassium ion levels |
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What is NOT a primary target tissue of cortisol? muscle tissue |
nervous tissue |
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Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels? insulin |
insulin |
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Harrie has recurring kidney stones. Which hormone should be checked for normal levels? parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
|
Avery has high blood pressure and hypernatremia (excess blood sodium ion concentration). The hypersecretion of which hormone could lead to his condition? aldosterone |
aldosterone |
|
Nina is researching hormones that can stimulate and inhibit the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary. Predict the type of stimulation that regulates the secretion of growth hormone. neural stimulation |
hormonal stimulation |
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