"Ironic processes" in sport refers to |
the idea that trying not to perform an action can trigger its occurrence accidentally |
According to Nideffer, effective attenders indicate that they can |
deal well with a multitude of stimuli from both external and internal sources, effectively switch their attention from broad to narrow when necessary, attend to many stimuli (both internally and externally) while not becoming overloaded with too much information |
According to the text, "choking" should be defined as |
a process that leads to impaired performance |
An example of Nideffer’s broad-external type of attentional focus is |
a basketball point guard’s rapidly assessing the positioning of the defense while on a fast break |
From an attentional perspective, over learning of skills |
makes the skills more automatic, thus requiring less attention |
An athlete who is losing in a tennis match might tell her opponent that the opponent is "really following through on her serve nicely." From an attentional perspective, this is a ploy to have the opponent |
start to focus and think too much about her serve |
Entirely focusing on body mechanics and movements |
is important when learning a skill, may be inappropriate once a skill becomes automatic, may be detrimental to performance because the mind gets in the way of the body |
Which of the following is NOT a subscale of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style? |
broad-narrow |
Top athletes seem to be able to do just the right thing at just the right time. From an attentional perspective, research has shown that this is mostly due to their ability to |
analyze situations more quickly and use more anticipatory cues |
Which of the following best represents William James’s classic description of attention? |
it implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others |
Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls traveling toward them at high speeds because |
they have learned to predict the flight of the ball by using advanced attentional cues |
Research investigating differences between experts and novices concludes that these differences are in large part due to experts’ ability to |
attend more to advance information to make faster decisions, predict the flight pattern of a ball |
Athletes with a preference for a broad-external focus |
seem to notice everything that is happening around them |
"No look" passes in basketball are really accomplished by using |
advanced cues to predict teammates’ future movements |
Which of the following would NOT be classified as an internal distracter? |
start to focus and think too much about her serve |
To improve concentration, an athlete should |
establish routines |
Results from the study of self-talk among junior tennis players (Van Raalte et al.) revealed that |
none of the above |
If a golfer shifts attention just prior to a tee shot, from the length of the fairway and the direction of the wind to focusing only on the ball, her attention has shifted from _____ to _____. |
broad-external; narrow-external |
Using a trigger word to stop negative self-statements is called |
thought stopping |
Top athletes seem to be able to do just the right thing at just the right time. From an attentional perspective, research has shown that this is mostly due to their ability to |
analyze situations more quickly and use more anticipatory cues |
Which of the following would NOT be classified as an internal distracter? |
visual and auditory distracters |
In preparing for a major competition, many elite athletes structure training to put themselves under the same sort of pressure encountered during the actual competition. This is an example of |
simulation training |
If a pole-vaulter shifts attention from imagining the approach to the pit to focusing on actually seeing the runway, his attentional focus has changed from _____ to _____. |
none |
Developing competitive plans should focus on what type of goals? |
process goals |
Psychophysiological research on attentional processes in archers and pistol shooters has revealed that accuracy is increased when performers’ brain waves are in which frequency? |
alpha |
High scores on the BIT subscale of Nideffer’s TAIS indicate |
an ability to effectively integrate several ideas at one time |
In a study on figure skaters, self-monitoring helped skaters to become |
more task focused |
Individuals with a good ability to concentrate, scan, and store relevant cues are likely to score _____ on a concentration block grid in 1 minute. |
in the upper 20s to low 30s |
Future-oriented thinking (attending to events in the future) |
is common among younger athletes |
Just before shooting, elite pistol shooters display |
cardiac deceleration |
"Cue" words are often effective because |
they can help "trigger" a particular response, they can be motivational or emotionally stimulating, they may have an instructional component |
The narrowing and internal focus associated with choking can result in |
impaired timing, loss of coordination, poor judgment and decision making |
Why would you want to have a friend wave his arms around you while you are focusing on a basketball? |
to force you to maintain concentration on the ball |
Which of the following best represents William James’s classic description of attention? |
it implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others |
Telling yourself to "focus!" probably is best defined as |
a cue word for bringing you back into a present focus |
A response to either good or bad performances that causes a personal, ego-involved reaction during competition is known as |
judgmental thinking |
According to recent research, instructional self-talk is best on what type of tasks? |
accuracy |
Ch. 16 Concentration
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