Ch. 16 Concentration

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"Ironic processes" in sport refers to

the idea that trying not to perform an action can trigger its occurrence accidentally

According to Nideffer, effective attenders indicate that they can

deal well with a multitude of stimuli from both external and internal sources, effectively switch their attention from broad to narrow when necessary, attend to many stimuli (both internally and externally) while not becoming overloaded with too much information

According to the text, "choking" should be defined as

a process that leads to impaired performance

An example of Nideffer’s broad-external type of attentional focus is

a basketball point guard’s rapidly assessing the positioning of the defense while on a fast break

From an attentional perspective, over learning of skills

makes the skills more automatic, thus requiring less attention

An athlete who is losing in a tennis match might tell her opponent that the opponent is "really following through on her serve nicely." From an attentional perspective, this is a ploy to have the opponent

start to focus and think too much about her serve

Entirely focusing on body mechanics and movements

is important when learning a skill, may be inappropriate once a skill becomes automatic, may be detrimental to performance because the mind gets in the way of the body

Which of the following is NOT a subscale of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style?

broad-narrow

Top athletes seem to be able to do just the right thing at just the right time. From an attentional perspective, research has shown that this is mostly due to their ability to

analyze situations more quickly and use more anticipatory cues

Which of the following best represents William James’s classic description of attention?

it implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others

Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls traveling toward them at high speeds because

they have learned to predict the flight of the ball by using advanced attentional cues

Research investigating differences between experts and novices concludes that these differences are in large part due to experts’ ability to

attend more to advance information to make faster decisions, predict the flight pattern of a ball

Athletes with a preference for a broad-external focus

seem to notice everything that is happening around them

"No look" passes in basketball are really accomplished by using

advanced cues to predict teammates’ future movements

Which of the following would NOT be classified as an internal distracter?

start to focus and think too much about her serve

To improve concentration, an athlete should

establish routines

Results from the study of self-talk among junior tennis players (Van Raalte et al.) revealed that

none of the above

If a golfer shifts attention just prior to a tee shot, from the length of the fairway and the direction of the wind to focusing only on the ball, her attention has shifted from _____ to _____.

broad-external; narrow-external

Using a trigger word to stop negative self-statements is called

thought stopping

Top athletes seem to be able to do just the right thing at just the right time. From an attentional perspective, research has shown that this is mostly due to their ability to

analyze situations more quickly and use more anticipatory cues

Which of the following would NOT be classified as an internal distracter?

visual and auditory distracters

In preparing for a major competition, many elite athletes structure training to put themselves under the same sort of pressure encountered during the actual competition. This is an example of

simulation training

If a pole-vaulter shifts attention from imagining the approach to the pit to focusing on actually seeing the runway, his attentional focus has changed from _____ to _____.

none

Developing competitive plans should focus on what type of goals?

process goals

Psychophysiological research on attentional processes in archers and pistol shooters has revealed that accuracy is increased when performers’ brain waves are in which frequency?

alpha

High scores on the BIT subscale of Nideffer’s TAIS indicate

an ability to effectively integrate several ideas at one time

In a study on figure skaters, self-monitoring helped skaters to become

more task focused

Individuals with a good ability to concentrate, scan, and store relevant cues are likely to score _____ on a concentration block grid in 1 minute.

in the upper 20s to low 30s

Future-oriented thinking (attending to events in the future)

is common among younger athletes

Just before shooting, elite pistol shooters display

cardiac deceleration

"Cue" words are often effective because

they can help "trigger" a particular response, they can be motivational or emotionally stimulating, they may have an instructional component

The narrowing and internal focus associated with choking can result in

impaired timing, loss of coordination, poor judgment and decision making

Why would you want to have a friend wave his arms around you while you are focusing on a basketball?

to force you to maintain concentration on the ball

Which of the following best represents William James’s classic description of attention?

it implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others

Telling yourself to "focus!" probably is best defined as

a cue word for bringing you back into a present focus

A response to either good or bad performances that causes a personal, ego-involved reaction during competition is known as

judgmental thinking

According to recent research, instructional self-talk is best on what type of tasks?

accuracy

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