Which of the following is NOT a recommendation provided by Horn regarding expectations of coaches? |
coaches should try to create a mastery-oriented environment |
An injured athlete is feeling depressed and anxious about his rehabilitation and thus has a low sense of self-efficacy. This is an example of using which source of self-efficacy? |
emotional states |
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of confidence? |
visualization |
Which of the following is (are) FALSE? |
coaches provide more beneficial feedback to low-expectancy athletes |
Self-efficacy has been used interchangeably with the concept of |
self-confidence |
Coaching efficacy is composed of all of the following except |
playing experience |
Recent research has identified nine sources of sport self-confidence. These fit into which of the following categories? |
climate (environment), self-regulation |
Research has indicated that live and filmed modeling increases self-efficacy in muscular-endurance tasks. This is an example of |
vicarious experiences |
One's confidence can change as the situation changes. This is known as |
state self-confidence |
The four-step process concerning the formation of coach expectations and their effects on the coach's and athlete's behavior signifies that |
coaches should continually reevaluate an athlete's ability throughout the season, coaches should carefully monitor their quantity and quality of reinforcement and instructional feedback |
Which of the following points about self-efficacy theory is (are) true? |
self-efficacy affects effort expenditure and persistence, self-efficacy is task specific |
Confidence is usually defined by sport psychologists as the |
belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior |
According to the latest thinking, self-efficacy is now called |
self-regulatory efficacy |
Research by Gould and his colleagues on setting up detailed plans as a way to increase confidence showed that |
elite athletes had the most detailed plans |
Confidence can be improved by |
thinking confidently, acting confidently, imagery |
Coaches often form expectations of athletes based on |
performance information and person cues |
Researchers investigating the concept of psychological momentum in sport found that teams of athletes having momentum |
were just as likely to perform poorly as to continue to perform well |
The current view of sport self-confidence views this concept as |
state-like or trait-like depending on the situation |
Which of the following is (are) NOT a major source of self-efficacy? |
parental expectations |
If you want to avoid breaking down an individual's self-confidence, |
don't criticize people for inconsequential errors, don't use sarcasm to motivate people |
The relationship between confidence and performance is |
curvilinear |
Confidence is seen as multidimensional, consisting of confidence in |
one's ability to execute physical skills, one's level of fitness, one's psychological skills |
The strongest and most dependable information on which to base self-efficacy judgments comes from |
performance accomplishments |
Self-efficacy theory was originated by |
Albert Bandura |
Which of the following is (are) true? |
low-expectancy athletes exhibit lower performances due to less effective reinforcement and playing time, low-expectancy athletes attribute their failures to lack of ability |
The probable reason that approximately a dozen runners broke the 4-minute barrier within one year after Roger Bannister originally did was their |
expectations that it could be done |
According to the study by Nelson and Furst on arm wrestling and expectations, |
objectively weaker subjects who expected to win, actually did win more often than stronger subjects who expected to lose, expectations were a better predictor of success than actual strength was |
According to Rosenthal and Jacobson's study on teacher expectancies and student performances, |
children identified as "late bloomers" exhibited the greatest gains in IQ |