Ch 13 Urban Patterns

The process whereby an increasing percentage of people live in an urban area is known as

urbanization.

The important element of urbanization is an increase in the

number of people living in urban settlements. percentage of people living in urban settlements. land area occupied by urban settlements.

Which statement best describes the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization.

Of the ten largest urban areas in the world, how many are in More Developed Countries today?

2

The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States is

annexation.

The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is the

urbanized area.

In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area?

metropolitan statistical area

Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that

you may feel lonely and isolated in a crowd.

According to Louis Wirth, urban areas are more likely than rural areas to have

larger size. higher density. more heterogeneity.

Megalopolis refers to

adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

The process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment, is

filtering.

A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is

redlining.

A process by which real estate agents convince white owners to sell their houses is

blockbusting.

Public housing is

low-income government-owned housing.

A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class is

gentrification

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following?

warehouses gentrified buildings public housing

According to U.S. law, when a family is forced by a city to relocate

moving expenses and rent increases are paid by the government.

The underclass is characterized in part by high rates of

drug addiction.

U.S. central cities face fiscal problems because

low-income people are concentrated there.

In U.S. cities, the underclass is

clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

Compared to whites, African Americans in U.S. cities are more likely to be

clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

To deal with the financial problems in some areas of the cities, American city governments

reduce services.

A recent change in the density gradient has been

a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area.

Compared to the United Kingdom, the amount of sprawl in the United States is

greater.

Sprawl is the

development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

British cities are surrounded by open space known as

greenbelts.

The purpose of busing in many U.S. suburbs is to

promote racially integrated schools.

A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through

zoning.

People are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by

private land surrounding the house.

The largest percentage of the U.S. population lives in

suburbs.

The largest number of trips are made for what purpose?

work

The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by

building interstate highways.

Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more

energy efficiency.

The major exception to the decline in public transit is the

rapid transit.

Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because

European governments subsidize public transit.

In recent years, urban residents are more likely to shop in

suburban malls.

The attractions of shopping malls include all but which of the following?

walking distance from homes

Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of

access to main highways.

Some employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do not

own automobiles.

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of

rings.

Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models because it is located

on a flat prairie.

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in

a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby

industries.

Social area analysis attempts to explain

the distribution of different types of people in an urban area.

The multiple nuclei theory best explains why different neighborhoods of a city attract people of different

ethnic origin.

Higher income people tend to live near the center of the city in all but which of the following regions?

North America

When the models of urban structure developed in Chicago are applied to Rio de Janeiro, one conclusion is that

the poorest people are located in different areas.

Ramshackle houses on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are known as

squatter settlements.

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be

clustered in suburbs.

The wide boulevards built in cities in less developed countries were most likely built during what era?

colonial

A central city and its contiguous built-up suburbs is called a metropolitan statistical area.

False

According to Louis Wirth, cities differ from rural areas in being larger, more dense, and more socially homogeneous.

False

The basic building block for MSAs is the county, because of the ease of obtaining data.

True

Most urban residents in the United States live in central cities rather than suburbs.

False

Land is more intensively used in the center of the city than elsewhere.

True

Public housing comprises a large percentage of housing in the United Kingdom but only a small percentage in the United States.

True

None of the world’s ten most populous urban areas is located in Europe.

True

The density gradient in American and European cities is getting flatter.

True

Relatively wealthy individuals live in the center of most cities in the world outside of North America.

True

Suburban sprawl has resulted in the loss of most of the prime agricultural land in the United States.

False

Cities in less developed countries have eliminated most signs of European colonial rule.

False

While public transportation ridership has declined in the United States, a number of cities have invested in new public transportation systems.

True

Urban population world wide is projected to exceed rural settlement population for the first time in 2008.

True

Rural settlements outside European cities have been converted to weekend homes, because they are no longer needed for agriculture.

True

The supply of land for new housing is more severely restricted outside European cities than U.S. cities.

True

In the United States, a city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is known as ________.

urban area

Historically, were the world’s largest cities generally in more developed or in less developed countries?

MDC

Which two of these four land usesindustrial, office, retail, and residentialare most likely to be found in a U.S. Central Business District?

office, and retail

Describe the processes of blockbusting, filtering, and gentrification in inner-city neighborhoods.

realtors, single to apartment, poor to middle class.

The sketch above represents which of the three models of the internal structure of urban areas?

concentric

One model of the internal structure of urban areas is shown above. What are the other two models representing the internal structure of urban areas?

sector, and multiple nuclei

In which ring [1, 2, or 3] in the above sketch are high-status households likely to live in:
__________ North America
__________ Western Europe
__________ Latin America

North America- 1 Western Europe- 3 Latin America- 3

In which ring [1, 2, or 3] are low-status households likely to live in:
__________ North America
__________ Western Europe
__________ Latin America

North America- 3 Western Europe- 1 Latin America- 1

Name the three eras of development of cities in many less developed countries.

Pre colonial, colonial, independence

In what way does a typical residential suburb in a Europe urban area appear different from one in a U.S. urban area?

In Europe hi-rises are in suburbs.

To what extent do the three models explain the internal structure of cities around the world?

The three models were originally applied to Chicago, but then was later applied to other cities.The concentric zone model was the first to explain the distribution of different social groups within urban areas, and it says that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings. A sector model said that the city develops in a series of sectors not rings, and certain areas of the city are more attractive for various activities. The last model the multiple nuclei model states that a city is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve.