A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________. |
C. Molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones |
Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed |
E. Paracrine |
Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands A. secrete only into the bloodstream. |
C. Secrete through ducts or tubes to the body’s exterior |
A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _______ gland. |
A. Exocrine |
"Endocrine" means A. hormone synthesis. B. internal secretion. C. acts upon target cells. |
B. Internal Secretion |
The specificity of hormone action derives from |
A. Target cell receptors that are unique for the hormone type |
Hormones |
E. Do all of the above |
Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system A. does not use receptors. |
B. May have a longer lasting effect |
All hormones are A. steroids. |
D. Organic Compounds |
Steroid hormones A. are soluble in lipids. B. combine with protein receptor molecules. |
E. All of the above |
Nonsteroid hormones cause _________________ in their target cells. A. cyclic AMP to become ATP |
C. Activation of adenylate cyclase |
A nonsteroid hormone acts on a target cell by A. causing synthesis of a second messenger. B. stimulating cell division. |
A. Causing synthesis of a second messenger |
A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by A. causing a second messenger to be formed. |
D. Directly causing protein synthesis |
Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the A. posterior pituitary. B. hypothalamus. C. thalamus. |
B. Hypothalamus |
An up-regulated cell has an increase in A. the amount of DNA in the nucleus. |
D. The number of receptors available for binding |
Up-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to A. prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone. |
A. Prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone |
Down-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to A. prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone. |
B. Prolonged increase in the level of a hormone |
__________ controls hormone concentrations. A. Positive feedback B. Negative feedback C. A thermostat |
B. Negative Feedback |
A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a A. short half-life. |
C. Long half-life |
A hormone has a half-life of 20 minutes. After an hour, ___ percent of the original number of molecules remains. |
B. 12.5 |
Tropic hormones A. only function in the tropics. |
C. Stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones |
Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete A. thyroid-stimulating hormone. B. adrenocorticotropic hormone. |
D. Antidiuretic Hormone |
Growth hormone A. enhances the movement of amino acids into cells. B. increases the rate of protein synthesis. C. increases the rate of fat metabolism. D. enlarges cells. |
E. All of the Above |
Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs? A. Follicle-stimulating hormone B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone C. Prolactin-releasing factor D. Thyrotropin E. Growth hormone |
A. Follicle-stimulating hormone |
Target cells for releasing hormones are in the A. hypothalamus. B. anterior pituitary gland. |
B. Anterior Pituitary Gland |
Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion? |
B. Prolactin |
Another name for antidiuretic hormone is |
C. Vasopressin |
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by the A. intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. B. anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. C. pineal gland. D. adrenal gland. |
A. Intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland |
The blood concentration of growth hormone A. rises in females after menopause. |
D. Rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence |
Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has |
A. Inhibited secretion of ADH |
Diabetes insipidus is caused by |
C. ADH Deficiency |
Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate A. less milk production. B. uterine contractions. C. uterine relaxation. D. ACTH production. E. the resumption of the menstrual cycle |
B. Uterine Contractions |
ADH and oxytocin are secreted by A. neuromuscular cells. B. neurons. C. neuroendocrine cells. |
D. Neurosecretory Cells |
Growth hormone signals the release of IGF-1 from the A. pancreas. |
B. Liver |
Growth hormone signals the release of A. TGF. |
C. IGF-1 |
_________ inhibits secretion of prolactin. A. Serotonin |
E. Dopamine from the hypothalamus |
What percentage of T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues? A. 25% |
B. 33% |
One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is A. weight gain. B. increased thirst. C. decreased appetite. D. goiter. |
D. Goiter |
The _______ secretes triiodothyronine. A. adrenal gland B. pancreas C. parathyroid gland D. thyroid gland E. pineal gland |
D. Thyroid Gland |
Cretinism is caused by A. hypothyroidism. B. hyperthyroidism. C. hypoparathyroidism.D. hyperparathyroidism. |
A. Hypothroidism |
Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of A. hypothyroidism. B. hyperthyroidism. C. hypoparathyroidism.D. hyperparathyroidism. |
B. Hyperthyroidism |
Graves disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by |
D. An autoimmune disorder |
Thyroxine |
B. Enhances the rate at which proteins are synthesized |
Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks |
C. Iodine |
Cretinism results from A. a deficiency of thyroid hormones at birth. B. hyperthyroidism in an adult. C. hypothyroidism in an adult. |
A. A deficiency of thyroid hormones at birth |
Hyperparathyroidism A. stimulates excessive osteoclast activity. B. softenes bones C. increases risk of spontaneous fractures. D. is most often caused by a tumor. E. all of the above |
E. All of the above |
In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, a symptom of hypoparathyroidism is A. a rise in vitamin D concentration. B. increased PTH secretion. |
C. Muscle Cramps |
The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the A. hypothalamus. B. concentration of blood calcium. C. thyroid gland. D. pituitary gland. E. adrenal glands |
B. Concentration of blood calcium |
The hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is |
A. Calcitonin |
A type of hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is a A. mineralocorticoid. B. glucocorticoid. C. aldosterone. D. melatonin. |
E. None of the above |
Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to |
A. Conserve sodium and excrete potassium |
Cortisol |
C. Stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates |
Hormones from the adrenal medulla increase |
E. All of the above |
Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it |
A. Decreases the permeability of capillaries |
Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to |
B. Addison Disease |
Addison disease |
E. All of the above |
Cushing syndrome |
E. All of the above |
Secretion of insulin causes |
A. A decrease in the concentration of blood glucose |
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? |
A. Pancreas |
The pineal gland is located |
C. Attached to the thalamus |
The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is |
B. Melatonin |
The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _______. |
D. Thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells |
David Vedder was known as the "bubble boy." He was born without a thymus gland. After he had a bone marrow transplant, he left his protective bubble – a set-up that kept him free of infection – but soon died of infection. He died because |
B. The thymus produces white blood cells, which protect against infection |
As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine |
C. And cortisol rise |
A person who is stressed usually has increased |
D. Blood pressure |
With age, |
B. Levels of GH decrease but of ADH increase |
Pheromones differ from hormones in that A. they are only found in plants and fungi. B. they act only within an individual. |
C. They are transmitted between members of the same species |
Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because this hormone A. decreases the number of red blood cells. |
C. Increases the number of red blood cells |
Irving, who is 78 years old, takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. He may be disappointed, because the hormone has been shown only to A. increase the red blood cell supply. B. decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength. |
B. Decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength |
President John F. Kennedy had A. Cushing syndrome. B. diabetes mellitus. C. diabetes insipidus. D. Addison disease. E. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
D. Addison Disease |
In diabetes mellitus, A. fatty acids and ketone bodies accumulate in the blood. |
E. All of the above |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by A. excess sugar in the diet. |
C. A disorder of the immune system |
Diabetes mellitus results in |
B. Urine with high osmotic pressure |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from A. a deficiency of insulin. |
B. Insensitivity of cells to insulin |
The Edmonton protocol is |
C. A pancreatic islet transplant |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes usually includes |
E. All of the above |
T/F |
True |
T/F |
False |
T/F |
False |
T/F |
True |
T/F |
True |
T/F |
False |
T/F |
True |
T/F |
False |
T/F |
False |
T/F |
True |
T/F |
False |
T/F |
False |
T/F |
True |
T/F |
True |
T/F |
True |
T/F |
False |
T/F |
True |
_______ secretions affect the cell that secretes them. |
Autocrine |
The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into synapses. In contrast, the endocrine system releases _______ into the bloodstream. |
Hormones |
Adenylate cyclase causes ATP molecules to become ______ _______ molecules. |
Cyclic AMP |
A group of lipids called ______ have powerful, regulating effects on a variety of cells. |
Prostaglandins |
A hormone whose effects last a long time has a ____ half-life. |
Long |
The hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone is called ______ ______-______ ______. |
Growth hormone-releasing hormone |
The thyroid gland has a special ability to remove the element ____ from the blood. |
Iodine |
Calcitonin is produced in the ____ gland. |
Thyroid |
The central region of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ______. |
Medulla |
The pancreas functions as part of the endocrine system and as a part of the ______ system. |
Digestive |
The ______ gland is located deep between the cerebral hemispheres attached to the roof of the third ventricle. |
Pineal |
The condition produced by factors that tend to cause changes in the body’s internal environment and threaten its survival is called ______. |
Stress |
Ch. 13 Endocrine System
Share This
Unfinished tasks keep piling up?
Let us complete them for you. Quickly and professionally.
Check Price