At what level of organization does life begin? |
cells |
What surrounds all cells? |
a cell membrane |
What is meant my semi-permeable? |
allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others |
What two things make up the cell membrane? |
phospholipids and embedded proteins |
The cell membrane is also called the ______ membrane. |
plasma |
Centrioles are found inside what type of cell? |
animal |
What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells and bacteria? |
a cell wall |
Centrioles are found at the center of the __________. How do they help the cell? |
centrosome, they are where microtubules are made |
Where is DNA found inside a cell? |
the nucleus |
What cell process is controlled by the nucleus? |
protein synthesis |
DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible ___________. |
chromosomes |
Where are organelles located? |
the cytoplasm |
Where are proteins made in a cell? |
ribosomes |
Do all cells need ribosomes? |
yes |
The process of making proteins is called _______ _________. |
protein synthesis |
How does rough ER differ from smooth ER? |
rough ER has ribosomes on the surface |
Rough ER is connected to the _____ membrane and to ______ ER. |
outer, smooth |
Proteins made by rough ER travel to the Golgi in sacks called _______. Golgi ________ and ________ proteins for export out of the cell. |
cistern, modifies, packages |
Give 3 jobs for smooth ER. |
makes proteins, controls the Calcium level in muscles; detoxifies (poisons, alcohol, and drugs) |
What process takes place inside chloroplasts? |
photosynthesis |
What is the energy for this process? |
sunlight |
What pigment traps the energy? |
chlorophyll |
Chloroplasts are found in what types of cell(s)? |
plant |
Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are like in that they both have ______ membranes and their own ______. |
double, energy |
Food, water, and wastes are stored inside ________. |
vacuoles |
Digestion takes place inside _________ containing _______. |
lysosomes, enzymes |
The largest organelle in plants is the _______ _______. |
central vacuole |
What organelle breaks down and recycles worn out cells? |
lysosomes |