Ethics are primarily based on religious beliefs. |
False |
Ethical ideas are present in all societies, all organizations, and all individual persons. |
True |
If all people relied on ethical relativism, there would be no universal ethical standards on which people around the globe could agree. |
True |
Business must develop its own definition of what is right and wrong, apart from ethics. |
False |
Being ethical includes developing a sense of trust, which promotes positive alliances among business partners. |
True |
Business cannot expect to be profitable while adhering to ethical principles of conduct. |
False |
The U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines provide a strong incentive for businesses to promote their ethics at work. |
True |
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that firms maintain good financial practices, apart from high ethical standards, in how they conduct and monitor business operations. |
False |
Employees would rather work for companies who promote their personal values. |
True |
An ethical egoist acts for the benefit of others and sacrifices self-interest. |
False |
Only in the last few years have scholars found a positive relationship between an organization’s economic performance and attention to spiritual values. |
False |
Managers in the same company are likely to be at the same stages of moral reasoning at any given time. |
False |
For managers who reason at stages 2 and 3, their personal rewards, recognition from others, or compliance with the company’s rules become their main ethical compass. |
True |
According to utilitarian reasoning, an action is ethically preferred when its benefits outweigh its costs. |
True |
Business managers should use all four methods of ethical reasoning – virtues, utility, rights and justice – to better understand ethical issues at work. |
True |
A conception of right and wrong is: |
The definition of ethics. |
People’s ethical beliefs come from: |
Their religious background, family, and education. |
People everywhere depend on ethical systems to tell them whether their actions are: |
Right or wrong |
Businesses are expected to be ethical in their relationships with: |
All of the Above: – Stockholders. – Customers. – Competitors |
Why should business be ethical? |
All of the Above: – Most people want to act in ways that are consistent with their own sense of right and wrong. – Ethical behavior protects business firms from abuse by unethical employees and competitors. – Society’s stakeholders expect it from businesses. |
Business executives are finding that a trusting, ethical relationship with a business partner is: |
Often essential in conducting business. |
Under the U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines, if a firm has developed a strong ethics program, corporate executives found guilty of criminal activity may have their sentence: |
Reduced. |
Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, corporations are required to: |
Have executives vouch for the accuracy of a firm’s financial reports. |
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act: |
Requires executives to pay back bonuses based on earnings that are later proved fraudulent. |
In a 2010 study of 400 companies, what percentage of firms said the benefits of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act outweighed its costs? |
70% |
A bottom-line mentality in business is reflected in which statement? |
"We have to beat the others at all costs." |
A purchasing agent directing her company’s orders to a firm which she received a valuable gift, is an example of: |
Conflict of interest. |
Cross-cultural contradictions arise due to: |
Differences between home and host countries’ ethical standards. |
Which of the following examples best illustrate an ethics issue based on cross-cultural contradictions? |
Legally marketing a pesticide abroad that has been banned in the U.S. |
As business becomes increasingly global: |
Cross-cultural contradictions will increase. |
According to a 2009 opinion poll, Americans hold a dim view of: |
Wall Street executives. |
Scholars found that spirituality: |
Positively affects employee and organizational performance. |
As an additional employee benefit to promote spirituality, companies have begun to provide employees with the services of: |
Chaplains. |
Which statement characterizes the moral reasoning typically found in a child? |
"I’ll let you play with my toy if I play with yours." |
Mature adults typically base their ethical reasoning on broad principles and relationships such as: |
Both A&B – Human rights and constitutional guarantees of human dignity. – Universal principles of justice. |
All of the following values are present in most ethical decisions except: |
Be respectful. |
Business managers need a set of ethical guidelines to help them: |
Identify and analyze the nature of ethical problem. |
Aristotle argued: |
Moral virtue is a mean between two virtues. |
When the benefits of an action outweigh its costs, the action is considered ethically preferred according to: |
Utilitarian reasoning. |
Utilitarian reasoning primarily considers: |
The end results of an action. |
The main drawback to utilitarian reasoning is that: |
It is difficulty to accurately measure both costs and benefits. |
At the core of rights reasoning is the belief that: |
Respecting others is the essence of human rights. |
Which of the following is not true about justice reasoning? |
The reasoner is interested in the net value of benefits. |
A just or fair ethical decision occurs when: |
Benefits and burdens are distributed equally. |
The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical or unethical decision is (are) that different people and groups: |
All of the Above: – May honestly and genuinely use different sources of information. – May rank various rights in different ways. – May not share the same meaning of justice. |
Business Ethics Ch4.
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