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All animals |
are heterotrophic |
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Typical animal embryos have ________, or external cell layer, and ________, which lines the digestive tract. |
an ectoderm; an endoderm |
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Which of the following animals displays radial symmetry? |
a sea anemone |
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Which of the following items demonstrates radial symmetry? |
an apple pie |
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Organisms with true radial symmetry |
do not have a distinct head region and tend to be sedentary or passive drifters. |
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Which of the following statements is true about anthropods? |
Arthropods have an open circulatory system, while annelids have a closed circulatory system. |
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A dog’s head is at its ________ end, and its belly is its ________ surface. |
anterior; ventral |
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In protostomes, |
the opening formed during gastrulation becomes the mouth. |
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Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is true? |
The opening that forms during deuterostome gastrulation becomes the anus. |
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Which of the following are not included among the eumetazoans that have true tissues? |
sponges (Porifera) |
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Which of the following are not included among the bilateria, a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry at some stage of development? |
sea anemones (Cnidaria) |
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The ________ is a flagellated cell that sweeps water through a sponge’s body. |
choanocyte |
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A typical sponge is best described as |
a sessile suspension feeder with no true tissues or body symmetry. |
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Which of the following statements regarding cnidarians is true? |
The digestive and circulatory compartment of cnidarians is called the gastrovascular cavity. |
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Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are ________ and typically have ________. |
bilaterally symmetrical; a gastrovascular cavity with one opening |
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A bilaterally symmetrical, wormlike animal that has a complete digestive tract and a cuticle could be a member of which of the following phyla? |
Nematoda |
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Which of the following is a typical characteristic of molluscs? |
a rasping organ called the radula |
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Which mollusc group includes primarily sedentary animals that use mucus-coated gills to trap fine food particles? |
bivalves |
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Which adaptation is a key characteristic of annelids that greatly increases their flexibility and mobility? |
segmentation |
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_______ are soil-dwellers; ________ are mostly marine; and ________ mostly inhabit fresh water. |
Earthworms; polychaetes; leeches |
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You find a wormlike, soft-bodied adult animal in a mudflat. It is bilaterally symmetrical, is segmented, has a true coelom, and has a complete digestive tract. Based on these characteristics, what phylum does the animal represent? |
Annelida |
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Animals that are segmented and have jointed appendages and an exoskeleton are members of the phylum |
Arthropoda. |
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The most numerous, diverse, and widespread animals are the |
Arthropoda. |
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While walking in your basement, you hear a crunching noise and notice that you have stepped on an organism. You look closely and see part of a segmented body and a few jointed appendages. What phylum does this animal represent? |
Arthropoda |
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Which of the following groups has a series of similar segments that make up most of the body? |
millipedes |
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Which of the following groups includes both spiders and horseshoe crabs? |
chelicerates |
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Most adult insects have three major body parts or sections. They are the |
head, thorax, and abdomen. |
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28. An organism that can fly and has an exoskeleton must be |
an insect. |
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The traits that are unique to insects and have probably contributed to their diversity and success include |
flight, short generation times, and complex life cycles including complete metamorphosis. |
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The symmetry of echinoderms generally includes |
bilaterally symmetrical larvae and radially symmetrical adults. |
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Which of the following is a unique feature of echinoderms? |
a water vascular system |
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Which of the following phyla is most closely related to echinoderms? |
Chordata |
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The flexible, longitudinal rod that is located between the digestive tract and the nerve cord in chordates is called the |
notochord |
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Which of the following features is unique to chordates? |
a notochord |
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To be characterized as a chordate, an organism must |
display each of the four key characteristics of the chordates at some point in the life cycle. |
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Which of the following statements about tunicates indicates that these animals are chordates? |
Larvae have a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a post-anal tail, pharyngeal slits, and a notochord. |
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You find a small, elongated animal embedded in the sand with one end sticking out. Among other things, it has segmental musculature, a coelom, a notochord, and a complete digestive tract with an anus located partway down the body. This animal is |
a chordate. |
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Traditional animal phylogenetic trees and the most recent molecular phylogenetic trees have many similarities. Which is a feature of the recent trees that was not present in the traditional phylogeny? |
the grouping of nematodes and arthropods into a clade called the Ecdysozoa |
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Which of the following exhibits bilateral symmetry? |
a butterfly |
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Which of the following correctly lists organisms from least complex in overall development to most complex? |
sponges, hydras, clams, lobsters, tunicates |
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Which of the following statements about sponges is true? |
Sponges have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. |
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Invertebrate diversity contributes to all of the following except |
bioremediation. |
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Complete the analogy: A cuticle is to a nematode as a/an ________ is to a/an ________. |
raincoat; human |
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