BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6

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1.) Plants are
A. net O2 consumers and CO2 producers.
B. net O2 producers and CO2 consumers.
C. net O2 and CO2 producers.
D. net O2 and CO2 consumers.
E. able to conduct photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.

B. net O2 producers and CO2 consumers

2.) Animals are
A. net O2 producers and CO2 consumers.
B. net O2 and CO2 producers.
C. net O2 consumers and CO2 producers.
D. net O2 and CO2 consumers.
E. able to conduct photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.

C. net O2 consumers and CO2 producers

3.) In animal cells, the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the
A. ribosome.
B. lysosome.
C. Golgi body.
D. None of the answers are correct.
E. mitochondrion

E. mitochondrion

4.) The main reason that cellular respiration needs to occur step by step is because
A. cells do not store enough oxygen.
B. cells do not contain many mitochondria.
C. glucose breaks down slowly inside a cell.
D. it enables cells to harness energy released at each step.
E. cells produce the enzymes needed for cellular respiration very slowly

D. it enables cells to harness energy released at each step.

5.) The chemical formula for glucose is
A. C6H12O6
B. C12H6O12
C. C6H6O12
D. C12H12O6
E. C1H2O1

A. C6H12O6 (I couldn’t make the numbers small and lowered..)

6.) During glycolysis, molecules of glucose are
A. broken down into two molecules of carbon dioxide.
B. combined to form two molecules of pyruvate.
C. combined to form two molecules of carbon dioxide.
D. broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
E. broken down into two molecules of oxygen.

D. broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.

7.) Glycolysis of a glucose molecule
A. produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP.
B. occurs only in animal cells.
C. transfers electrons from glucose to FAD.
D. occurs only in microorganisms.
E. occurs in mitochondria.

A. produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP

8.) The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are
A. glycolysis, photosystems, and carbon reactions.
B. carbon reactions, Krebs cycle, and light reactions.
C. Krebs cycle, carbon reactions, and electron transport chain.
D. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
E. light reactions, carbon reactions, and electron transport chain.

D. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

9.) The electrons that are transferred during cellular respiration are carried in the molecules
A. NADP and FADH2.
B. NADH and FADH2.
C. carbon dioxide.
D. NADH2 and glucose.
E. acetyl CoA

B. NADH and FADH2. (The 2 is in fact small.. but it again wont let me lower it..)

10.) Glycolysis occurs in the
A. cytoplasm.
B. mitochondrion.
C. lysosome.
D. nucleus.
E. cell membrane.

A. cytoplasm.

The Krebs cycle occurs in the

A. lysosome.
B. nucleus.
C. cytoplasm.
D. mitochondrion.
E. ribosome

D. Mitochondrion

The electron transport chain occurs in the

A. lysosome.
B. nucleus.
C. cytoplasm.
D. ribosome.
E. mitochondrion

E. Mitochondrion

13.The "spent" electrons from the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration are transferred to
A. oxygen.
B. nitrogen.
C. hydrogen.
D. sulfur.
E. carbon dioxide.

A. oxygen.

14.) The products of cellular respiration are
A. carbon dioxide, glucose, and water.
B. glucose, water, and ATP.
C. glucose, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
D. oxygen, ATP, and water.
E. carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

E. carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

15.) The reactants for cellular respiration are
A. glucose and ATP.
B. water and ATP.
C. oxygen and ATP.
D. glucose and oxygen.
E. carbon dioxide and glucose.

D. glucose and oxygen.

Fermentation is most common in
A. plants.
B. animals.
C. fungi.
D. microbes.
E. viruses.

D. mircobes.

17.) The area enclosed by the highly-folded inner mitochondrial membrane is the
A. cytoplasm.
B. nucleus.
C. outer membrane.
D. intermembrane compartment.
E. matrix.

E. matrix.

18.) Glycolysis does not require
A. ATP.
B. glucose.
C. enzymes.
D. NAD.
E. oxygen.

E. oxygen.

19.) During glycolysis, to "activate" glucose two molecules of ____________ are required.
A. NAD
B. ATP
C. FAD
D. ADP
E. NADP

B. ATP

20.) In glycolysis, the net number of NADH produced is
A. 0.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
E. 30.

c. 2.

21.) The net ATP production in glycolysis is only two because
A. two molecules of ATP are needed to "activate" glucose.
B. two molecules of ATP are used to move glucose into the chloroplast.
C. glycolysis is the final step of aerobic respiration.
D. ATP production cannot exceed NADH production.
E. glycolysis may occur without oxygen being present.

22.) Only a small amount of ATP is produced during glycolysis because most of the energy stored in a glucose molecule remains in the bonds of
A. carbon dioxide.
B. NADH.
C. PGAL.
D. pyruvate.
E. None of the answers are correct.

D. pyruvate

The compound that enters the Krebs cycle is
A. ATP.
B. pyruvate.
C. PGAL.
D. ATP synthase.
E. acetyl CoA.

E. acetyl CoA

The only source of ATP production in cells relying fermentation is
A. glycolysis.
B. the Krebs cycle.
C. photosynthesis.
D. electron transport.
E. the Calvin cycle.

A. glycolysis.

The Krebs cycle produces ______, ______, and carbon dioxide.

A. glucose, oxygen
B. oxygen, ATP
C. ATP, electron carrier molecule
D. electron carriers, oxygen
E. pyruvate, frustration

C. ATP, electron carrier molecule

Since the Krebs cycle is a cyclic pathway, the original acceptor needed to start the Krebs cycle and the end product of the Krebs cycle are

A. enzymes.
B. different molecules.
C. ATP molecules.
D. the same molecule.
E. NADH and FADH2 respectively

D. the same molecule

The electron transport chain produces a/an _____________ gradient.
A. electron
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. oxygen
E. proton (H)

E. proton (H)

An example of a poison that kills by interfering with ATP production is

A. arsenic.
B. carbon monoxide.
C. All answers are correct.
D. cyanide.
E. mercury compounds

C. All answers are correct.

29.) The net ATP yield from a molecule of glucose is ______ ATP molecules.
A. 2
B. 36
C. 4
D. 15
E. 42

B. 36

Muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to
A. regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.
B. produce ATP in the presence of oxygen.
C. produce more ATP than in respiration.
D. allow an animal to survive for long periods of time in the absence of oxygen.
E. produce less CO2.

A. regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen

Alcoholic fermentation
A. is carried out by yeasts.
B. produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration.
C. produces ethanol.
D. All answers are correct.
E. produces carbon dioxide

D. All answers are correct

Which energy pathway is used by all living organisms?

A. Aerobic respiration
B. Carbon reactions
C. Photosynthesis
D. Krebs cycle
E. Glycolysis

B. Carbon reactions

If you measure the air a person has inhaled and exhaled, you will find that the concentrations have ______ in the exhaled air.

A.higher O2 concentrations and lower CO2 concentrations
B. lower O2 concentrations and higher CO2 concentrations
C. lower O2 and CO2 concentrations
D. higher O2 and CO2 concentrations

A. higher O2 concentrations and lower CO2 concentrations

When NAD+ picks up two electrons and a proton in reactions of the Krebs cycle to form NADH, the NAD+ is
A. oxidized.
B. phosphorylated.
C. reduced.
D. hydrolyzed.
E. lysed.

C. Reduced

What happens first to the carbon atoms that enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA?

A. They are reduced to form carbon dioxide.
B. They combine with a 4-carbon sugar to form a 6-carbon sugar citrate.
C.Two acetyl CoA molecules join together to form a 6-carbon sugar glucose.
D. They combine with pyruvate to form a 4-carbon sugar malate.
E. They are activated with a phosphate from ATP.

B. They combine with a 4-carbon sugar to form a 6-carbon sugar citrate.

What is the role of oxygen in respiration?

A. It is formed from the oxidation of water at the beginning of the electron transport chain.
B. It flows through the electron transport chain, losing energy.
C. It is reduced at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water.
D. It is necessary to obtain any ATP from glucose.
E. It flows down its concentration gradient through an ATPase to produce ATP.

C. It is reduced at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water.

Molecules called uncouplers allow protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane. What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria?

A. decreased ATP, because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
B. decreased ATP, because protons would not be available to pass through the ATP synthase
C. no effect, because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP
D. increased ATP, because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient
E. increased ATP, because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix

Cyanide and carbon monoxide block the final step in the electron transport chain. What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria?

A. decreased ATP, because protons would not be able to move across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B. no effect, because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP
C. decreased ATP, because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
D. increased ATP, because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient
E. increased ATP, because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix

A cell produces approximately 30 ATP per glucose molecule. However, if you calculated the total energy in a glucose molecule, 90 ATP should be generated. What is the best explanation for this difference?

A. Some of the energy is destroyed.
B. Scientists have not figured out where the rest of the energy goes.
C. ATP has more energy than originally thought.
D. Some of the energy is used to do work in the cell.
E. Some energy is lost as heat.

E. Lost as heat.

______ ATP are produced per glucose molecule during fermentation, whereas ______ ATP are produced per molecule of glucose by aerobic respiration.
A. 30, 2
B. 6, 30
C. 2, 30
D. 30, 6
E. 2, 6

C. 2, 30

If you put a plant in a chamber and shine a light on it,

A. the concentration of O2 will increase and the concentration of CO2 will decrease.
B. the concentration of O2 will decrease and the concentration of CO2 will increase.
C. the concentrations of O2 and CO2 will decrease.
D. the concentrations of O2 and CO2 will increase.

A. the concentration of O2 will increase and the concentration of CO2 will decrease.

If you put a plant in a chamber and place it in the dark,

A. the concentration of O2 will increase and the concentration of CO2 will decrease.
B. the concentration of O2 will decrease and the concentration of CO2 will increase.
C. the concentrations of O2 and CO2 will decrease.
D. the concentrations of O2 and CO2 will increase

Without cellular respiration, organisms

A. All answers are correct.
B. cannot survive.
C. cannot reproduce.
D. cannot break down food.
E. cannot grow.

A. All the answers are correct

If glucose is unavailable, aerobic respiration may occur with

A. All choices are correct.
B. proteins.
C. carbohydrates, including starch and glycogen.
D. fats.

A. All are correct.

A variety of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in a diet

A. provides many molecules which can enter aerobic respiration at different stages.
B. prevents production of ATP.
C. provides a mixture of molecules which slows ATP production.
D. creates an environment only conducive to fermentation.
E. All choices are correct

A. Provides many molecules which can enter aerobic respiration at different stages.

If some of the protons are utilized for other functions on the cell and do not flow through ATP synthase after the electron transport chain, then
A. fewer ATP will be made.
B. fewer glucose molecules are needed.
C. more ATP will be made.
D. more glucose molecules are needed.
E. more carbon dioxide molecules are generated

A. fewer ATP will be made.

Cellular aerobic respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

A. True B. False

A. True

Cellular aerobic respiration includes only the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.

A. True B. False

B. False

In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondria.

A. True B. False

A. True

Fermentation is a more efficient form of energy production than aerobic respiration.

A. True B. False

B. fasle

NADH is the only electron carrier produced during aerobic respiration.

A. True B. False

The electron transport chain extracts most of the potential energy in NADH by removing the energy from its electrons in a single step.

A. True B. False

B. Fasle

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.
A. True B. False

A. True

Fermentation uses an inorganic molecule as the electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

A. True B. False

Human muscle cells complete fermentation and anaeobic respiration.

A. True B. False

B. false

Plant cells complete fermentation and aerobic respiration.

A. True B. False

Fermentation cannot occur in the presence of oxygen.

A. True B. False

A. True

The products of fermentation can be converted to reactants of aerobic respiration.

A. True B. False

A. True

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