Unique |
The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents. |
Females |
Recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y are more common in ________. |
Zygote |
Upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) ________. |
Mitosis |
Dead or damaged cells are replaced by ________. |
3:1 |
Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes? |
Pink |
Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring? |
Pink |
Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring? |
Polygenic |
Which type of gene expression typically generates a continuum (spectrum) of varying phenotypes? |
Linked genes |
Genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together. These are called ________. |
Typically on the X chromosome |
If genes are described as "sex linked," then they are ________. |
Yes, viruses are not considered living things. |
Many viruses use RNA, not DNA, as their genetic material. Is the statement "All life on Earth uses DNA as the genetic material" still accurate? |
92 |
Human white blood cells are often multinucleated. How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nuclei? |
99.5% |
How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex? |
Number of genes |
Of the choices listed, which is the best indicator of the complexity of the organism? |
Chromosome |
A single, continuous molecule of DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________. |
Sister chromatids |
What are attached at the centromere? |
23 |
How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father? |
It no longer exists |
Where is the original interphase cell that began mitosis once mitosis has been completed and the daughter cells have been formed? |
Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane forms |
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis? |
Cytokinesis |
Which process specifically refers to a cell physically dividing into two cells? |
A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two. |
What causes the furrow during cleavage? |
At the completion of plant cell mitosis |
When does the cell plate form during cell division? |
Mitosis |
By what means does a zygote divide? |
diploid (2n) |
Somatic cells are ________. |
3 |
If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes, how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell? |
12 |
If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II? |
Meiosis I |
When does homologous recombination occur? |
Meiosis I |
When does crossing over occur? |
Meiosis AND Mitosis |
What involves a single duplication phase of its chromosomes? |
Meiosis |
What produces genetically unique daughter cells? |
Meiosis |
What produces four daughter cells? |
Sex cells |
If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make? |
92 |
How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis? |
Interphase |
During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated? |
46 |
How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a Down syndrome female who also suffered from Turner syndrome? |
Male |
Is an individual with the XXY combination of chromosomes anatomically male or female? |
Klinefelter syndrome |
What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes? |
Nondisjunction |
What leads to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes? |
Yes |
Would a human clone have a bellybutton? |
Embryonic stem cells can grow into any other cell type, including a nerve cell. |
How could an embryonic stem cell be used to repair a severed spine? |
Cord blood contains stem cells that can be grown and differentiated into some cell types but not all cell types. |
Certain cells taken from umbilical cord blood have the potential to treat illnesses such as lymphoma and leukemia. In what way are cord blood cells useful to treat these diseases? |
Nucleotide |
What is the monomer of the DNA polymer? |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
What do the letters D-N-A stand for? |
Between the bases |
Where does the bond form that binds one polynucleotide to the other polynucleotide? |
The base |
What is different from one DNA nucleotide to the next? |
DNA polymerase |
Which enzyme is responsible for adding complementary DNA bases to an exposed DNA strand? |
Hydrogen bonds |
DNA helicase breaks which type of bond in the DNA molecule? |
TCCGAAT |
According to the base pairing rules of DNA, if the sequence of bases on one strand was AGGCTTA, what would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand? |
Genome |
What is the largest unit of DNA organization? |
Nucleotide |
A sugar, a phosphate, and a base are the components of a __________. |
gene |
A page is to a book as a ___________ is to the genome. |
2 |
How many polynucleotides are found in one molecule of DNA? |
Sugar and phosphate |
Which of the following make up the backbone of a polynucleotide strand? |
Where DNA has a phosphate group, RNA has a methyl group. |
What is not a structural difference between DNA and RNA? |
rRNA |
Which nucleic acid acts like an enzyme, stabilizing and orienting different molecules to facilitate the formation of bonds between them? |
Nucleic acid and proteins |
Ribosomes are made out of which macromolecule? |
30 |
How many nucleotides in sequence are required to code for 10 amino acids? |
Two ribosomal subunits bind to the mRNA transcript. |
How is translation initiated? |
UUU |
If the codon is AAA, what is the complementary anticodon? |
Amino acids |
What does "transfer RNA" actually transfer? |
CGGUAAUG |
If the base sequence of template strand reads GCCATTAC, what is the base sequence of the mRNA? |
Promoter binding |
Which is not a posttranscriptional modification to the mRNA? |
All of these and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene. |
What is a gene? |
DNA cannot leave the nucleus. |
Why does transcription occur in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm? |
Proteins |
If DNA directs the production of RNA, what does RNA make? |
Biology Chapter 5 & 6
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