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1. When a cell undergoes mitosis, the daughter cells must inherit
a. DNA
b. organelles
c. cytoplasm
d. DNA and organelles
e. DNA, organelles, and cytoplasm
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e. DNA, organelles, and cytoplasm
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2. Proteins associated with DNA in eukaryotes are
a. repressors
b. tryptophans
c. histones
d. nucleosomes
e. operons
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c. histones
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3. Histone-DNA units are called
a. polysomes
b. ribosomes
c. nucleosomes
d. chromocenters
e. vesicles.
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c. nucleosomes
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4. Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?
a. mother
b. daughter
c. preprogrammed
d. sister
e. either mother or daughter, but neither sister nor programmed
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d. sister
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5. The chromosomes and genes are actually replicated during
a. anaphase
b. metaphase
c. interphase
d. prophase
e. telophase
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c. interphase
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6. During the G2 phase of the cell cycle, most of the cell’s activity is directed toward
a. DNA replication
b. membrane synthesis
c. resting for the next step.
d. sorting the chromosomes
e. making the proteins that drive mitosis
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e. making the proteins that drive mitosis
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7. The spindle apparatus becomes visible during
a. anaphase
b. metaphase
c. interphase.
d. prophase
e. telophase
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d. prophase
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8. Cells with two sets of genetic information are described by the term
a. polyploid
b. diploid
c. triploid
d. haploid
e. tetraploid
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b. diploid
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9. The spindle apparatus is made of
a. Golgi bodies
b. nucleoprotein
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. microtubules
e. chromatids
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d. microtubules
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10. Which of the following is/are needed for chromosomes to separate?
a. ATP
b. motor proteins
c. microtubules
d. motor proteins and microtubules
e. ATP, motor proteins, and microtubules
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e. ATP, motor proteins, and microtubules
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11. Strictly speaking, mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. chromosomes
d. only nucleus and chromosomes
e. nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes
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d. only nucleus and chromosomes
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12. The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during
a. prokaryotic fission
b. mitosis
c. meiosis
d. cytokinesis
e. karyokinesis
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d. cytokinesis
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13. Cells have mechanisms to control
a. cell growth
b. DNA replication
c. cell division
d. cell growth and DNA replication
e. cell growth, DNA replication, and cell
division
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e. cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division
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14. Checkpoint genes encoding proteins that stimulate mitosis are called
a. carcinogens
b. oncogenes
c. mitogens
d. tumor suppressor genes
e. growth inhibitor genes
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b. oncogenes
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15. Which type of skin cancer spreads the fastest?
a. basal cell carcinoma
b. melanoma
c. osteosarcoma
d. squamous cell carcinoma
e. benign neoplasm
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b. melanoma
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16-20.
Matching Questions
Choose the one most appropriate answer for
questions 16-20.
16. _____centromere
17. _____cytokinesis
18. _____metaphase
19. _____prophase
20. _____telophase
a. cytoplasm apportioned between the two
daughter cells
b. final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei reform
c. two sister chromatids are joined here
d. chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e. chromosomes line up at spindle equator
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16. c 17. a 18. e 19. d 20. b
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21-23.
Choose the one most appropriate answer for
questions 21-23.
21. _____centriole
22. _____chromatid
23. _____microtubules
a. form the mitotic spindle
b. always has a single copy of genetic information
c. in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
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21. a 22. b 23. c
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24-28.
Classification Questions
Answer questions 24-28 in reference to the eu-karyotic cell cycle. Each question has only one BEST answer.
a. G2
b. mitosis
c. S
d. G1
e. cytokinesis
24. period when DNA is duplicated
25. period prior to mitosis, period after DNA is duplicated, and period when interphase ends in the parent cell
26. event that forms two daughter cells
27. period of cell growth before DNA duplication and period when interphase begins in a
daughter cell
28. period of nuclear division, period commonly followed by cytokinesis, and period in which metaphase occurs
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24. c 25. a 26. e 27. d 28. b
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29-33.
Answer questions 29-33 with reference to these phases of the cell cycle:
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
29. During this stage, homologous pairs of chromosomes are lined up on the equatorial plate. Sister chromatids joined at their centromeres and are attached to spindle fibers during this phase.
30. Chromosomes replicate during this phase, genes replicate during this phase, and DNA replicates during this phase.
31. Condensation and shortening of chromosomes occurs during this phase, spindle fibers first appear during this stage, and the microtubular spindle develops during this phase.
32. During this phase the centromeres break apart as the separated sister chromatids begin to move to opposite poles.
33. Cytokinesis occurs as this phase of mitosis proceeds, and new daughter nuclear membranes form during this phase.
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29. c 30. a 31. b 32. d 33. e
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34. Asexually produced daughter cells are
a. identical to each other
b. identical to the mother cell
c. different from the mother cell
d. different from each other
e. identical to each other and identical to the mother cell
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e. identical to each other and identical to the mother cell…
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35. Sexual reproduction
a. leads to uniform characteristics in a population
b. results in new combinations of genetic traits
c. produces genetic clones
d. requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction
e. produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction
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b. results in new combinations of genetic traits
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36. The essence of meiosis is that
a. Cells are formed that receive one copy of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
b. Cells are formed that receive two copies of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
c. Cells are formed that receive one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
d. Cells are formed that receive two members of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
e. None of the choices.
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c. Cells are formed that receive one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
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37. If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms,
a. The zygote would be haploid.
b. Gametes would be haploid.
c. Mitosis would be sufficient.
d. The chromosome number would double in each generation.
e. Eggs would be diploid but sperm would be haploid.
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d. The chromosome number would double in each generation.
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38. Through meiosis:
a. Alternate forms of genes are shuffled.
b. Parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes.
c. The diploid chromosome number is reduced to haploid.
d. Offspring are provided with new gene combinations.
e. All of these.
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e. All of these.
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39. If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes and undergoes meiosis, the resulting cells will have how many chromosomes?
a. 64
b. 32
c. 16
d. 8
e. 4
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d. 8
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40. Chromosomes of a pair of homologous chromosomes may differ from each other in terms of
a. size
b. shape
c. position of the centromere
d. alleles
e. none of these
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d. alleles
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41. Meiosis typically results in the production of
a. 2 diploid cells
b. 4 diploid cells
c. 4 haploid cells
d. 2 haploid cells
e. 1 triploid cell
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c. 4 haploid cells
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42. Homologous chromosomes
a. are the same size
b. have genes for the same characteristics (even though the alleles may not be the same)
c. are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the father and one from the mother
d. pair up during meiosis
e. all of these
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e. all of these
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43. Copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?
a. mother
b. daughter
c. sister
d. homologous
e. none of these
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c. sister
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44. Each of the cells formed during telophase I is
a. diploid
b. tetraploid
c. in synapsis
d. ready to be fertilized
e. haploid
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e. haploid
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45. Crossing over
a. generally results in binary fission
b. involves nucleoli
c. involves breakages and exchanges being made between sister chromatids
d. alters the composition of chromosomes and results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells
e. all of these
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d. alters the composition of chromosomes and results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells
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46. Pairing of homologues and crossing over occur during
a. anaphase I
b. metaphase II
c. prophase I
d. prophase II
e. telophase II
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c. prophase I
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47. Which does NOT occur in prophase I of meiosis?
a. cytokinesis
b. formation of groups of four chromatids
c. homologue pairing
d. crossing over
e. condensation of chromatin
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a. cytokinesis
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48. In plants, meiosis leads directly to the production of
a. gametes
b. gametophytes
c. spores
d. sporophytes
e. none of these
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c. spores
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49. Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because
a. It produces new arrays of alleles on chromosomes.
b. Homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells.
c. The number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved.
d. Homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells.
e. All of these.
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a. It produces new arrays of alleles on chromosomes.
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50. Which of the following is most probable at a metaphase I alignment?
a. All maternal chromosomes are on the same side.
b. All paternal chromosomes are on the same side.
c. Each side has a mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
d. All maternal chromosomes are on one side, all paternal on the other.
e. All of these are equally probable.
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c. Each side has a mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
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51. How many metaphase alignments are possible in humans?
a. 223
b. 246
c. 232
d. 462
e. 46
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a. 223
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52. Crossing over
a. increases the variability in gametes
b. occurs between nonhomologous chromatids
c. prevents genetic recombination
d. occurs between nonhomologous chromatids and prevents genetic recombination
e. all of the choices
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a. increases the variability in gametes
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53. Gamete formation is
a. the result of the process of mitosis
b. the pairing of homologous chromosomes
c. the formation of sex cells
d. formation of the zygote
e. a process that occurs only in asexually reproducing forms
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c. the formation of sex cells
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54. How many mature eggs are produced from a single initial oocyte?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
e. eight
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a. one
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55. Which of the following cells is not haploid?
a. secondary spermatocyte
b. spermatid
c. primary oocyte
d. secondary polar body
e. ovum
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c. primary oocyte
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Classification Questions
With reference to the mammalian reproductive system, answer questions 56-58 by using the five items listed below.
I. sperm
II. mature ova
III. primary oocytes
IV. primary spermatocytes
V. zygotes
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…
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56. During fertilization, which two items combine to form a fertilized egg?
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. I and IV
d. II and IV
e. III and IV
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a. I and II
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57. Which item(s) is(are) the same as fertilized eggs?
a. II only
b. III only
c. V only
d. II and III
e. III and V
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c. V only
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58. Which is a normal sequence of development?
a. I —> II —> III
b. I —> IV —> V
c. II —> III —> V
d. III —> II —> V
e. I —> IV + II —> V
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d. III —> II —> V
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Answer questions 59-60 by using the five numbers below.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 40
d. 60
e. 80
59. How many sperm would eventually result from 20 spermatids?
60. How many ova (eggs) would eventually result from 40 primary oocytes?
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59. e 80 60. c 40
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