Biology 1 final exam study guide

biology is the study of

life

all organisms posses dna, dna is

contains information for growth and development

instructions for development that are passed from parents to offspring are known as

genes

homeostasis means

keeping things the same

which of the following is not necessarily a distinct property of living things

complexity

the smallest units that can carry on all functions of life are called

cells

living things

need energy for life processes, have the ability to reproduce, are composed of cells

all organisms are composed of

cells

all living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of

homeostasis

which of the following is a characteristic of all living things

cellular organization

a scientist noticed that in acidic pond water some salamanders developed with curved spines, this was a

observation

the english physician ronald ross wanted to try to find the cause of malaria. based on his observations dr.ross suggested that the anopheles mosquito might spread malaria from person to person this was a

hypothesis

dr ross knew that parasite plasmodium was always found in the blood of malaria patients he thought that if the anopheles mosquitoes were responsiable for spreading malaria then plasomodium would be found in the mosquitoes this was a

prediction

scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of

experimenting

a hypothesis is

a testable possible explanation of an observation

a hypothesis that does not explain an observation

is rejected

a light microscope that has an objective lens of 10x and an ocular lens of 20x ha a magnification of

200x

nonpolar molecules have

no negative or positive poles

a molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is

nonpolar molecule

all organic compounds contain the element

carbon (C)

which three elements are found in organic compounds

nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen

the formation or ADP and inorganic phosphate from ATP and water is an example of which kind of reaction

polymerization

which of the following is a carbohydrate

sucrose

which organic molecule below is classified as a carbohydrate

sugar

animals store glucose containing fragments in the form of

glycogen

polysachrides are

carbohydrates

all of the following are examples of carbohydrates except

steroids

amino acids are monomers of

proteins

lipids are

nonpolar molecules

all of the following are examples of lipids except

cholesterol

liquid fats called oils contain

long CH2 chains linked by double covalent bonds

which of the following is not an organic macromolecule

ice

which organic molecule below is most closely related to nucleic acids

nucleotides

nucleic acids include

dna and rna

the smallest units of life in all living things are

cells

one difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that

prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane

which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotes

they were found on earth before eukaryotes

which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell

bacterium

only eukaryotic cells have

membrane bound organelles

studying a picture of the cell taken with an electron microscope you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria but it does have a cell membrane and a cell wall you conclude that the cell is probable from a

prokaryote

cell membranes

are thing coverings that surround the cells

the cell membrane

is selectively permeable

a structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a

organelle

a particularly active cell might contain a large number of

mitochondria

golgi apparatus are oganelles that

receive proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, label the molecules made in the e.r ith tags that specify their destination, release molecules in vesicles

one important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the

golgi apparatus

numerous threadlike organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are

flagella

protiens are made in cells on the

ribosomes

the packaging and distribution center of the cell is the

golgi apparatus

the double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the

nuclear envelope

all of the following are found in a plant and animal cell except

a cell wall

how are chloroplasts like mitochondria

they look alike

the organelles associated with photosynthesis are the

chloroplasts

the organelles in plant cells that contain a green pigment are the

chloroplasts

plant cells have a large membrane bound spaces in which water, waste products and nutrients are stored these are called

vacuoles

which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

as a result of diffusion the concentration of many types of substances

eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane

diffusion takes place

from an area of high concentration to low concentration

the dispersal of ink in a beaker is an example of

diffusion

sugar molecules can enter cells through the process of

facilitated diffusion

channelization in facilitated diffusion

work in two directions

which of the following is not a characteristic of facilitated diffusion

it moves substances against a concentration gradient

which of the following do not expend energy

diffusion

which of the following enters a cell by active transport

potassium ion

the process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called

osmosis

the sodium potassium usually pumps

potassium into the cell

ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called

exocytosis

molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by

endocytosis

endocytosis:exocytosis

cold:hot

in order to fit within a cell, dna becomes more compact by

wrapping tightly around associated proteins

chromatids are

joined strands of duplicated genetic material

a protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a

centromere

a student can study a karyotype to learn about the

chromosomes present in a somatic cell

an educated guess or

hypothesis may be tested by expiramentation

stating in advance the result that may be obtained from testing a hypothesis is called

prediction

the formation of polymers from monomers occurs as a result of

dehydration reactions and the breakdown of polymers into monomers occurs as a result of condensation reaction

lipids are

non polar molecules

the statement that cells are produce only from existing cells is part of the

cell theory

a cell with a well defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane is called a

eukaryotic cell

a cell membrane is said to be

selectively permeable

scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as

organelles

the spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the

ribosomes

the meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the

cytoskeleton

photosynthesis takes place in the

chloroplast of plant cells

active transport systems are a from of cell transport that requires energy from molecules of

mitycondrion

active transport

allows a cell to stockpile substances in far greater concentrations than they occur outside of the cell