bio

Which of the following statements regarding viruses is false?

A virus is generally considered to be alive because it is cellular and can reproduce on its own

Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages

Hershey and Chase

One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a

phage

When a T2 bacteriophage infects an Escherichia coli cell, which part of the phage enters the bacterial cytoplasm?

only the DNA

The way that genetic material of a bacteriophage enters a bacterium is most like the way that

drug is injected with a hypodermic needle.

The monomers of DNA and RNA are

nucleotides.

Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?

DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.

Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false

RNA uses the sugar dextrose.

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of DNA is false?

The sequence of nucleotides along the length of a DNA strand is restricted by the base-pairing rules.

How would the shape of a DNA molecule change if adenine paired with guanine and cytosine paired with thymine

The DNA molecule would have irregular widths along its length

The shape of a DNA molecule is most like

a twisted rope ladder.

Which of the following statements regarding a DNA double helix is always true?

The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.

DNA replication

uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand.

If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be

GCCATG.

The copying mechanism of DNA is most like

using a photographic negative to make a positive image

When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains

50% of the parent DNA

Multiple origins of replication on the DNA molecules of eukaryotic cells serve to

shorten the time necessary for DNA replication.

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand

DNA polymerase

Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5′ to 3′ direction

because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3′ end of the growing molecule

Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

DNA → RNA → protein

The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called

transcription

The "one gene-one polypeptide" theory states that

the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide.

Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are

three-nucleotide sequences

The directions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are indicated by a codon that consists of ________ nucleotide(s) in an RNA molecule.

3

We would expect that a 15-nucleotide sequence will direct the production of a polypeptide that consists of

4 amino acids the stop one does not count

A base substitution mutation in a gene does not always result in a different protein. Which of the following factors could account for this?

the fact that some amino acids are specified from more than one codon

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA?

RNA polymerase

Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA?

initiation of a new RNA molecule

________ marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop.

A terminator

Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells?

in the cytoplasm

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA is true

Exons are spliced together.

Which of the following takes place during translation?

the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

Which of the following is a function of tRNA?

) joining to only one specific type of amino acid

Which of the following is not needed in order for translation to occur?

DNA template

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is false?

The ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the same in structure and function.

Which of the following statements is false?

An mRNA molecule transcribed from DNA is shorter than the genetic message it carries.

Which of the following options most accurately lists the sequence of events in translation?

codon recognition → peptide bond formation → translocation → termination

Which of the following statements regarding the flow of genetic information is false

Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called

a mutation.

Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a base substitution mutation?

The doe did not eat

Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a reading frame mutation?

The dod idn ote at.

A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a(n)

) mutagen

A protein shell enclosing a viral genome is known as a(n)

capsid.

Which of the following features characterizes the lytic cycle of a viral infection?

The cycle typically leads to the lysis of the host cell.

Which of the following statements is false?

The lysogenic cycle typically results in the rapid lysis of all infected cells.

Viral DNA incorporated into host cell DNA is known as a(n

prophage

The envelope of a flu virus

helps the virus enter the cell

Which of the following statements about herpesviruses is false

Herpesviruses reproduce inside the host cell’s mitochondria.

Which of the following statements about plant viruses is false?

There are many successful ways to rid infected plants of a virus.

Which of the following statements regarding viral diseases is false?

Very few new human diseases have originated in other animals because the genetic differences are too great.

What will be the most likely cause of a new avian flu pandemic like the 1918-1919 flu pandemic that killed approximately 40 million people worldwide?

easy viral transmission from person to person

What kind of virus is HIV

a retrovirus

Which of the following enzymes does HIV use to synthesize DNA on an RNA template

reverse transcriptase

HIV does the greatest damage to

white blood cells

How do viroids harm the plants that are infected with them

) by altering the plants’ growth

Which of the following statements about the treatment or prevention for a prion infection is true?

There is no known treatment or cure for prion infections.

In the 1920s, Frederick Griffith conducted an experiment in which he mixed the dead cells of a bacterial strain that can cause pneumonia with live cells of a bacterial strain that cannot. When he cultured the live cells, some of the daughter colonies proved able to cause pneumonia. Which of the following processes of bacterial DNA transfer does this experiment demonstrate?

transformation

occurs when a phage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another.

Transduction

is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another

conjugation

Conjugation, transformation, and transduction are all ways that bacteria

increase their genetic diversity.

A friend accidentally sends an email to you that contains a computer virus from his computer. Without knowing it, you infect your computer with the virus when you open the email. This process of spreading the computer virus using
15 emails is most like which of the following processes?

transduction

In many bacteria, genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on

R plasmids.

Which of the following human activities has contributed to an increase in the number of bacteria having R plasmids?

heavy use of antibiotics in medicine and in agriculture