1) Which of the following is an example of an unrefined food? a) Buttermilk pancake |
C |
2) Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates in the past few decades has been implicated in causing obesity. |
True |
3) Whole-grain products include the endosperm, bran, and germ components of the grain. |
True |
4) Which section of the kernel is a rich source of vitamin E? |
C |
5) The process of enrichment adds back all of the nutrients that are lost during processing. |
True |
6) Some foods made with refined grains can contain more of some nutrients and less of others than foods made from whole grains. |
True |
7) Refined sugars added to food during processing or at the table account for about 16% of the calories consumed in the typical American diet. |
True |
8) Which is less refined? a) granola cereal |
B |
9) Refined sugars look chemically very different from sugars that occur naturally in foods. |
False |
10) Which of the following statements regarding glucose is FALSE? a) Glucose is the main component of starch and glycogen. |
C |
11) Which of the following represents a monosaccharide:disaccharide:complex carbohydrate? a) fructose:galactose:soluble fiber |
C |
12) Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plants. |
False |
13. Glycogen’s highly-branched structure allows it to be broken down quickly when the body needs glucose. |
True |
14) Photosynthesis uses energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. |
True |
15) Starch and dietary fiber are classified as: a) complex carbohydrates. |
A |
16) Maltose and lactose are examples of complex carbohydrates. |
False |
17) _____ cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes. a) Fiber |
A |
18) Which of the following is a major dietary source of soluble fiber? a) Beans |
A |
19) Pectin is a soluble fiber that is found in fruits and vegetables. |
True |
20) All of the following are good sources of insoluble fiber except: a) a Granny Smith apple. |
D |
21) Which type of complex carbohydrates are depicted in the visual? |
D |
22) Most starch digestion and breakdown of disaccharides occurs in which section of the GI tract? |
C |
24) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the: a) colon. |
B |
25) All carbohydrates are converted to glucose before they can be absorbed into the body. |
False |
26) Fiber and other indigestible carbohydrates are partially broken down by the bacteria in the: a) large intestine. |
A |
27) People who are lactose intolerant: a) do not produce enough insulin. |
C |
28) Why does someone who has lactose intolerance have gastrointestinal problems, such as abdominal distension, gas, cramping, and diarrhea? a) The lactose is an irritant to the stomach. |
C |
29) Because dairy products are the main source of calcium in the diet, all individuals with lactose intolerance should take a calcium supplement. |
False |
30) Which of the following statements regarding the incidence of lactose intolerance is incorrect? |
A |
31) Only the carbohydrates that are completely digested have an impact on overall health. |
False |
32) Legumes, unripe bananas, and cold, cooked potatoes are high in resistant starch. |
True |
33) Fiber can bind certain minerals, preventing their absorption. |
True |
34) Which of the following conclusions can be accurately drawn from the results depicted in this visual? |
D |
35) The glycemic index is a measure of: a) how enzymes metabolize nutrients. |
B |
36) Unrefined carbohydrates cause a greater glycemic response than refined sugars. |
False |
38) Line A shows the glycemic response after eating potatoes. Which of the following foods is most likely to cause a glycemic response similar to that shown in line A? |
A |
39) The glycemic index is a measure of how quickly and how high blood glucose levels rise after carbohydrates are consumed. |
True |
40) The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to: a) conduct nerve impulses. |
C |
41) All of the following are characteristics of insulin except that: a) it is a hormone. |
B |
42) The rise in blood glucose levels after eating stimulates the pancreas to secrete the hormone ___, causing blood glucose levels to ____. a) glucagon, drop |
C |
43) Which of the following best describes the effect of a fiber-rich meal on the rise in blood glucose that occurs after a meal? a) The rise in blood glucose will occur more quickly |
C |
44) In both muscle and liver cells, insulin promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen for immediate use. |
False |
45) Glucagon: a) stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen. |
D |
46) Anaerobic metabolic pathway that splits glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules: a) gluconeogensis |
B |
47) Compared to anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrate, aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates produces _______ ATP molecules for each glucose molecule. a) more |
A |
48) Oxygen is needed for glycolysis to occur. |
False |
49) The first step in cellular respiration is glycolysis, or the synthesis of glucose molecules. |
True |
50) In cellular respiration, the most ATP is produced in the final step of aerobic metabolism. |
True |
51) Body proteins that are broken down to make glucose are no longer available to do their job, like to speed up a chemical reaction or to contract a muscle. |
True |
52) When there is not sufficient carbohydrate to completely metabolize fatty acids, these molecules form: a) amino acids. |
C |
54) Fatty acids cannot be used to make glucose because: a) they are metabolized only by anaerobic processes. |
C |
55) Mild ketosis can occur during times of starvation or when consuming a low-carbohydrate weight-loss plan. |
True |
56) Normal blood glucose level is expected to be less than ___ milligrams/100 milliliters of blood after an 8-hour fast. a) 100 |
A |
57)__________ is a condition in which blood glucose levels are above normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. a) Type 1diabetes |
D |
59) _____ is caused by an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. a) Gestational diabetes |
C |
60) Your friend Jason has diabetes and developed hypoglycemia. Of the following situations, which is the most likely reason why he developed hypoglycemia? a) He ate too much refined carbohydrate. |
C |
_______ fiber lower blood cholesterol levels. |
D |
Whe soluble fiber is present in the digestive tract, the fiber binds _____ so that they are excreted rather than absorbed. This helps reduce the amount of cholesterol in the body. |
A |
All of the following statements are true about the typical US diet and carbohydrate recommendations EXCEPT: |
A |
The sports drink G2 has 17 grams of carbohydrate in a 20 ounce bottle. How many calories does this provide from carbohydrate? |
C |
One serving (3 cookies) of Pepperidge farm Chessmen cookies provides 120 calories and 18 grams of carbohydrate. What percentage of calories is from carbohydrate? |
B |
Bio Midterm 2 Chapter 4
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