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The first organic molecule to be synthesized from inorganic substances was _____. 1. urea 2. acetic acid 3. ammonium cyanate 4. insulin 5. DNA |
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Stanley Miller’s experiments were significant because he demonstrated that _____. 1. The behavior of any molecule containing a carbon atom was fundamentally the same 2. under certain circumstances the theory of vitalism was valid 3. a large variety of organic compounds could be spontaneously synthesized from components in Earth’s primitive atmosphere 4. lightning discharges could produce the molecules previously presumed to have originated in volcanic outgassings 5. urea could be synthesized from entirely naturally occurring salts |
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Which is an organic molecule? 1. Ne 2. O2 3. CH4 4. NaCl 5. H2O |
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Which element is most particularly associated with organic chemistry? 1. carbon 2. sulfur 3. nitrogen 4. potassium 5. oxygen |
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What is the three-dimensional shape created by hybrid orbitals that are formed when a carbon atom is covalently bonded with four other atoms? 1. A flat sheet with carbon in the center 2. A triangle with carbon in the center 3. A cube with carbon in the center 4. A tetrahedron with carbon in the center 5. All of the above are possible |
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A molecule constructed from ___ must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. 1. 6 hydrogen, 2 carbon 2. 6 hydrogen, 3 carbon 3. 6 hydrogen, 2 carbon, 1 oxygen 4. 8 hydrogen, 3 carbon, 3 oxygen 5. 14 hydrogen, 12 carbon |
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Carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of the molecules used by living organisms because _____. 1. Carbon is the central atom of carbon dioxide, a necessary molecule for photosynthesis 2. Carbon is the central atom in urea, a molecule used by many living organisms to transport wastes from the body 3. Each carbon atom acts as an intersection point from which a molecule can branch off in up to four directions 4. Carbon can combine with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons 5. All of the above |
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The carbon atom is tetravalent; this means that _____. 1. Carbon readily forms ionic bonds 2. Carbon’s first electron shell holds 4 electrons 3. A carbon atom can complete its valence shell by forming four covalent bonds 4. The bond angle between each bond is 90°, forming an arrangement like the points on a compass 5. Carbon has a total of 4 electrons |
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At the beginning of the 19th century, it was thought that the substances that made up living things were special and could not be synthesized by ordinary chemical methods. This now-discarded theory was called the theory of ___________. 1. Special creation 2. Spontaneous generation 3. Vitalism 4. Protoplasmic dynamism 5. None of the above |
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A molecule has one carbon-carbon double bond and four monovalent atoms or groups. How many different geometric isomers exist for this molecule? 1. 0 2. 2 3. 4 4. 6 5. 8 |
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Which of these is found in amino acids? 1. R-COOH 2. R-COH 3. R-OH 4. R-NH2 5. R-PO4 |
4 |
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The two compounds C=C-C-C=C and C-C=C-C=C are related to each other by being _____. 1. Hydrocarbons 2. Organic compounds 3. Isomers 4. Double-bonded compounds 5. All of the above |
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Glucose and hexanoic acid each contain six carbon atoms, but they have completely different properties. Glucose is necessary in food; hexanoic acid is poisonous. Their differences must be due to different _____. 1. Monomers 2. Macromolecules 3. Hydrolysis 4. Quaternary structures 5. Functional groups |
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Although the structures of the functional groups that are most important to life vary, they share one thing in common: They _____. 1. All contain oxygen 2. All have at least one double bond 3. Cause the carbon to which they are attached to become an asymmetric carbon, and they convert the molecule into an enantiomer 4. All are hydrophilic and increase the organic compound’s water solubility 5. Unite the skeleton into a closed ring |
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Ethanol, propanol, and methanol are three simple alcohols. They can be grouped together because they _____. 1. All share the same functional group: a hydroxyl 2. Are soluble in water 3. Are soluble in nonpolar solvents 4. All contain a carbonyl group 5. Increase the acidity of solutions |
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The functional group most closely resembling sulfhydryl is the _____ group. 1. Amino 2. Carboxyl 3. Hydroxyl 4. Phosphate 5. Carbonyl |
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Which one of the following has a carboxyl group? 1. R-NH2 2. R-SH 3. R-OH 4. R-C-OH 5. R-C=O |
4 |
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Which one of the following is a weak base? 1. R-NH2 2. R-SH 3. R-OH 4. R-C-OH 5. R-C=O |
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Which one of the following is a weak acid? 1. R-NH2 2. R-SH 3. R-OH 4. R-C-OH 5. R-C=O |
4 |
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Which one of the following has an amino group? 1. R-NH2 2. R-SH 3. R-OH 4. R-C-OH 5. R-C=O |
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Which one of the following has a carbonyl group? 1. R-NH2 2. R-SH 3. R-OH 4. R-C-OH 5. R-C=O |
5 |
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Which one of the following has a sulfhydryl group? 1. R-NH2 2. R-SH 3. R-OH 4. R-C-OH 5. R-C=O |
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From your knowledge of organic chemistry, you would predict that an abscisic acid (ABA) molecule has a(n) __________ group. 1. Carboxyl 2. Hydroxyl 3. Carbonyl 4. Amino 5. Sulfhydryl |
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The ionized or dissociated carboxyl group may be written as _____. 1. -S – 2. -O – 3. -COO – 4. -NH4 – 5. -C=O – |
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Which one of the following groups would NOT be capable of hydrogen bonding with an oxygen atom on another functional group? 1. Amino 2. Methyl 3. Carboxylic acid 4. Phosphate 5. Hydroxyl |
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Choose the pair of terms that complete this sentence about functional groups in organic chemistry: Carboxyl is to __________ as __________ is to base. 1. Acid … carbonyl 2. Base … carbonyl 3. Acid … amino 4. Base … amino 5. Base … thiol |
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Which one of these has a phosphate group? 1. R-SH 2. R-COH 3. R-OH 4. R-NH2 5. R-PO4 |
5 |
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Which of these is a thiol? 1. R-SH 2. R-COH 3. R-OH 4. R-NH2 5. R-PO4 |
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Which of these is found in amino acids? 1. R-COOH 2. R-COH 3. R-OH 4. R-NH2 5. R-PO4 |
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