The waste products of cellular respiration include ______. |
water and carbon dioxide |
Plant cells ______. |
have chloroplasts and mitochondria |
The ultimate source of the energy in food is ______. |
the sun |
The function of cellular respiration is to __________. |
extract usable energy from glucose |
_____ is a chemical process that uses light energy from the sun to build organic molecules. |
Photosynthesis |
The chemical ingredients needed for photosynthesis are _____ and _____. |
carbon dioxide, water |
_____ is used as food and _____ is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration. |
Glucose, carbon dioxide |
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? |
2 |
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. |
substrate-level phosphorylation |
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? |
FADH2 |
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown? |
ATP |
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. |
2 |
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? |
acetyl CoA |
In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____. |
substrate-level phosphorylation |
Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? |
acetyl CoA |
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. |
10 |
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. |
oxidative phosphorilation |
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. |
oxygen |
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. |
NADH and FADH2 … intermembrane space |
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____. |
kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient |
In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____. |
lactate and NAD+ |
An aerobic process requires ______. |
oxygen |
Which of the following are produced during cellular respiration? |
carbon dioxide, water and ATP |
The first electron acceptor of cellular respiration is ______. |
NAD+ |
The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ______. |
oxygen |
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur? |
cytoplasm |
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration? |
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport |
A product of glycolysis is ______. |
pyruvic acid |
Which of the following is a result of glycolysis? |
conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid |
The second stage of aerobic respiration is ______. |
the citric acid cycle |
What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle? |
acetyl CoA |
In aerobic respiration, how many molecules of acetic acid are produced from six molecules of glucose? |
12 |
Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH? |
citric acid cycle |
Electron transport takes place in the ______. |
mitochondria |
ATP synthase plays a role in ______. |
generating ATP |
In cellular respiration, most ATP is produced directly as a result of ______. |
the electron transport chain |
Breathing faster when we exercise is necessary to expel ______. |
carbon dioxide and bring in more oxygen to support aerobic metabolism |
When oxygen delivery becomes insufficient to support a runner’s aerobic metabolism, cells switch to an emergency mode in which ______. |
ATP is inefficiently produced and lactic acid is generated as a by-product |
If humans did not breathe in O2, we would not __________. |
make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements |
Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? |
Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step. |
During respiration in a eukaryotic cell, reactions of glycolysis occur __________. |
in the cytosol |
Most of the electrons released from glucose by cell respiration __________. |
are bound to NAD+ to be sent through electron transport |
Immediately after completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____. |
NADH |
What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid? |
glycolysis |
Most of the NADH that delivers electrons to the electron transport chain comes from _____. |
the citric acid cycle |
The major (but not sole) energy accomplishment of the citric acid cycle is the __________. |
the formation of NADH and FADH2 |
The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy for making ATP directly from __________. |
the flow of H+ through a membrane |
In respiration, which one of the following is done during the electron transport chain phase? |
carry electrons |
Which part of the breakdown of glucose requires molecular oxygen (O2)? |
the electron transport chain |
When a poison such as rotenone blocks the electron transport chain, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle soon grind to a halt as well, because __________. |
they run out of NAD+ and FAD |
In the citric acid cycle, the energy production per glucose molecule is __________. |
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 |
Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration comes from __________. |
the flow of electrons across the inner mitochondrial membrane |
The main function of cellular respiration is __________. |
making ATP to power cell activities |
Aerobic metabolism always requires _____. |
oxygen |
An important end product of cellular respiration is _____. |
water |
The net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, in the absence of oxygen, is approximately __________. |
2 ATPs |
Which of the following "escorts" acetic acid produced from pyruvic acid into the first reaction of the citric acid cycle? |
CoA |
A glucose molecule is completely broken down in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but these two processes yield only a few ATPs. Where is the rest of the energy that the cell can obtain from the glucose molecule? |
NADH and FADH2 |
In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules embedded in which organelle? |
the mitochondria |
The term anaerobic means ______. |
without O2 |
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown? |
glycolysis |
A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______. |
the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise |
What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions? |
ethyl alcohol |
Of the metabolic pathways listed below, the only pathway found in almost all organisms is __________. |
glycolysis |
What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid? |
fermentation |
Bio Ch. 6
Share This
Unfinished tasks keep piling up?
Let us complete them for you. Quickly and professionally.
Check Price