Bio 8

Which of following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?

small intestines

The process of mechanical digestion includes

breakdown of food particles by enzymes.

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

to protect against pathogens

The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the

submucosa.

What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.

If your appendix bursts it may lead to a life threatening condition called

peritonitis.

All of the accessory organs of the digestive system send secretions to the small intestine.

false

Smooth muscles in the stomach are capable of mechanical digestion.

true

The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the

uvula.

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavities?

hard and soft palate

The dentist explained that dental caries are caused by

bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar.

Which of the following is not found in/on the tongue?

dentin

Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to ___________.

cardiovascular disease.

Swallowing consists of both a voluntary phase and a reflex action.

true

What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth?

salivary amylase

Mr. Staub was rushed to the hospital because he had intense pain in his chest. After running tests on Mr. Staub it was determined that it was not suffering from a heart attack but from

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called

peristalsis.

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called

sphincters.

The glottis closes off the larynx so the bolus of food enters the esophagus and not the trachea.

false

The primary function of the stomach is to

store food, churn, and begin digestion.

What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach?

rugae

Which of the following is not associated with the stomach?

duodenum

The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called

chyme.

The stomach is bounded on both ends by a sphincter.

true

The small intestine is longer than the large intestine.

true

Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is incorrect?

Trypsin-carbohydrates

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the

stomach.

Which of the following is not associated with the small intestine?

gastric pits

What serves as an emulsifying agent in the small intestine?

bile

The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as

lacteals.

The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are

diarrhea and bloating.

When Sheree opened the abdominal cavity of her preserved frog, it seemed to be filled with a dark brown organ. This is the

liver.

Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas?

bile

Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

Which of the following is not a liver function?

It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis?

liver

Why is bile a yellowish-greenish color?

It contains bilirubin.

The gallbladder produces bile.

false

What type of hepatitis is usually acquired through blood transfusions or sexual contact?

B

Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the liver to increase its production of bile and the gallbladder to release stored bile?

CCK

The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system as well as by digestive hormones.

true

There is a hormone produced by the stomach that feeds back and acts on the stomach.

True

The major portions of the large intestine include

the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

What is the major function of the colon?

form feces

What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine?

produce vitamin B

Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries officers do?

Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters.

Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called

polyps

What is the relationship between Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease?

Crohn’s disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases.

Constipation can be treated by adding fiber to the diet.

true

Bryan is 6′ 2" and weighs 160 pounds. Calculate his BMI and determine his status based upon figure 8.11.

20.5, healthy

Today, obesity is often defined as having a body mass index of 20 or greater.

false

The BMI is useful because it tells you how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue regardless of your fitness, bone structure, or gender.

false

Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet?

Brain cells require glucose.

Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids?

Use butter instead of herbs and spices.

Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods

can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose.

Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting?

calcium

A diet rich in what vitamins may reduce the chance of free radicals that can cause health problems?

C, E, and A

A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency?

iodine

Which vitamin is fat soluble?

vitamin E

When a nutrition labels states that something has "0" grams of trans fat, this might not mean there are no trans fats in the food.

true

About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are

young women.