Bio 122 Ch 42

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In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid?

grasshoppers (insects)

Arteries carry blood _____.

away from the heart only

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

pulmonary veins

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

left atrium

From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.

right atrium

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

posterior vena cava

Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____.

capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs

The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls.

capillaries ( The thin walls of the capillaries facilitate gas exchange.)

Blood pressure is highest in the _____.

aorta

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

pulmonary veins

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

left atrium

From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.

right atrium

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

posterior vena cava

What is the function of a circulatory system?

It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body.

Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body?

The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.

True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body.

false

What is the function of the left ventricle?

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation.

Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true?

Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.

Which event occurs first during diastole?

The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria.

Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured?

The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria.

Which of the following best describes an artery?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Stroke occurs when _____.

a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue

Voice sounds are produced by the _____.

larynx

The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air.

nasal cavity

_____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up.

An increase … a drop

The smallest airway through which inspired air passes before gas exchange occurs in the mammalian lungs is the _____.

bronchiole

True or false? The lungs of humans form from the embryonic foregut.

true

rue or false? The pressure inside the human chest cavity is always positive, so the lungs stay relatively inflated even upon exhalation.

false

Which lung structure is a tiny sac that functions as an interface between air and blood?

alveolus

Which barrier(s) must O2 and CO2 cross to pass between air and blood inside lungs?

capillary wall extracellular fluid epithelial cells

True or false? The driving force for the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin into tissues is the difference in PCO2 levels between the blood and body tissues.

false

How is most carbon dioxide transported from tissues to the lungs?

As bicarbonate ions

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-hemoglobin interaction is true?

The binding of one oxygen molecule to hemoglobin stimulates the binding of other oxygen molecules.

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____

as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -)

By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____.

acidic

In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____.

combined with hemoglobin

The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin _____.

increases in the presence of high concentrations of oxygen

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?

the tracheal system of an insect

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

left atrium.

Pulse is a direct measure of

heart rate.

When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe?

rising CO2

If a molecule of CO2 released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following except

the pulmonary vein.

Which of the following reactions prevails in red blood cells traveling through alveolar capillaries? (Hb = hemoglobin)

Hb + 4 O2 → Hb(O2)4

In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid?

grasshoppers

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