In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid? |
grasshoppers (insects) |
Arteries carry blood _____. |
away from the heart only |
Blood returns to the heart via the _____. |
pulmonary veins |
From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. |
left atrium |
From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. |
right atrium |
From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. |
posterior vena cava |
Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____. |
capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs |
The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls. |
capillaries ( The thin walls of the capillaries facilitate gas exchange.) |
Blood pressure is highest in the _____. |
aorta |
Blood returns to the heart via the _____. |
pulmonary veins |
From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. |
left atrium |
From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. |
right atrium |
From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. |
posterior vena cava |
What is the function of a circulatory system? |
It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body. |
Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? |
The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body. |
True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body. |
false |
What is the function of the left ventricle? |
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. |
Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true? |
Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles. |
Which event occurs first during diastole? |
The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. |
Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured? |
The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria. |
Which of the following best describes an artery? |
Arteries carry blood away from the heart |
Stroke occurs when _____. |
a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue |
Voice sounds are produced by the _____. |
larynx |
The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air. |
nasal cavity |
_____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up. |
An increase … a drop |
The smallest airway through which inspired air passes before gas exchange occurs in the mammalian lungs is the _____. |
bronchiole |
True or false? The lungs of humans form from the embryonic foregut. |
true |
rue or false? The pressure inside the human chest cavity is always positive, so the lungs stay relatively inflated even upon exhalation. |
false |
Which lung structure is a tiny sac that functions as an interface between air and blood? |
alveolus |
Which barrier(s) must O2 and CO2 cross to pass between air and blood inside lungs? |
capillary wall extracellular fluid epithelial cells |
True or false? The driving force for the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin into tissues is the difference in PCO2 levels between the blood and body tissues. |
false |
How is most carbon dioxide transported from tissues to the lungs? |
As bicarbonate ions |
Which of the following statements about the oxygen-hemoglobin interaction is true? |
The binding of one oxygen molecule to hemoglobin stimulates the binding of other oxygen molecules. |
Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____ |
as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) |
By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____. |
acidic |
In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____. |
combined with hemoglobin |
The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin _____. |
increases in the presence of high concentrations of oxygen |
Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply? |
the tracheal system of an insect |
Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the |
left atrium. |
Pulse is a direct measure of |
heart rate. |
When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe? |
rising CO2 |
If a molecule of CO2 released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following except |
the pulmonary vein. |
Which of the following reactions prevails in red blood cells traveling through alveolar capillaries? (Hb = hemoglobin) |
Hb + 4 O2 → Hb(O2)4 |
In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid? |
grasshoppers |
Bio 122 Ch 42
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