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Consider the following figure. It indicates that a single amino acid substitution ______. |
may alter a protein so that it no longer functions properly |
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If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand? |
CAGGTA |
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The region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins is the ______. |
Promoter |
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How many nucleotides make up a codon? |
three |
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Examine the genetic code table, shown below. The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______. |
serine |
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If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine? |
30% |
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The correct sequence of events occurring during transcription is ______. |
initiation, elongation, termination |
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The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ______. |
Exons |
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How many amino acids are common to all living systems? |
20 |
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The backbone of DNA consists of ______. |
a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern |
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Mad cow disease is caused by |
infectious proteins called prions. |
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After replication, ______. |
each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand |
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Peptide bonds form between ______. |
amino acids |
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Where is translation accomplished? |
ribosomes |
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Translation converts the information stored in ______ to ______. |
RNA . . . a polypeptide |
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What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes? |
a cap and tail |
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The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ______. |
AGU |
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The shared genetic code of all life on Earth is evidence that ______. |
all life shares a common ancestry |
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The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum’s hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is "one gene-one ______." |
Polypeptide |
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If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______. |
single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG |
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DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers. |
Nucleotide |
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The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ______ RNA. |
Messenger |
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What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands? |
hydrogen |
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RNA contains the nitrogenous base ______ instead of ______, which is only found in DNA. |
uracil . . . thymine |
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Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ______. |
X-ray crystallography studies |
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A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ______. |
result in a shortened polypeptide chain |
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What is the ultimate source of all diversity? |
Mutation |
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The figure below shows the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. The transfer of information from DNA into an RNA molecule is known as ______. |
Transcription |
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Thymine and cytosine differ from adenine and guanine in that |
thymine and cytosine are single ring structure, whereas adenine and guanine are double ring structure |
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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) must use its own ______ to reproduce. |
reverse transcriptase |
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