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The first plants were organisms we now refer to as
a. cycads.
b. mosses.
c. algae.
d. liverworts.
e. pines.
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c
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Which feature(s) were critical for the evolution of land plants?
a. Cuticles
b. Gametangia
c. Spore walls
d. Stomata
e. All of the above
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e
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Gametophytes come from
a. sporangia.
b. zygotes.
c. diploids.
d. gametes.
e. spores.
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e
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Which features of nonvascular plants make them most vulnerable to drying out, thus requiring the presence of water in their terrestrial habitats?
a. Swimming sperm and dependent sporophytes
b. Swimming sperm and thin cuticles
c. Archegonia and thin cuticles
d. Dependent sporophytes and archegonia
e. Thin cuticles and dependent sporophytes
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b
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Which type of tissue conducts water and minerals in vascular plants?
a. Cuticle
b. Phloem
c. Xylem
d. Stomate
e. Antheridium
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c
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Which group might contain lignin?
a. Liverworts
b. Red algae
c. Gymnosperms
d. Mosses
e. Hornworts
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c
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What kind of specialized features do the lycophytes have for capturing light?
a. Megaphylls
b. Flattened stems
c. Microphylls
d. Rhizoids
e. None of the above
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c
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What groups of vascular plants are in the Monilophyta?
a. Cycads and ferns
b. Lycophytes and ferns
c. Horsetails and pines
d. Ferns and horsetails
e. Pines and cycads
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d
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An archegonium will eventually contain a(n)
a. egg.
b. strobilus.
c. sperm.
d. megaphyll.
e. microphyll.
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a
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Where does meiosis take place in the moss life cycle?
a. In the antheridia and archegonia of the gametophyte generation
b. In the archegonium of the gametophyte generation
c. In the spores after being released by the sporophyte
d. In the sporangium at the time of spore formation
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d
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Where does fertilization take place in the moss life cycle?
a. In the antheridium of the gametophyte generation
b. In the archegonium of the gametophyte generation
c. In the spores after being released by the sporophyte
d. In the sporangium at the time of spore formation
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b
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Which set of terms represents a haploid/diploid pair?
a. Sporophyte/gametophyte
b. Spore/sporophyte
c. Gamete/gametophyte
d. Zygote/egg
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d
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In conifers, male gametophytes are called _______ and are formed by the division of microspores.
a. megasporangia
b. strobili
c. pollen
d. zygotes
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c
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Which statement describes events leading to the formation of offspring in the conifer life cycle?
a. A haploid pollen grain produced by the male sporophyte enters the female sporophyte and fuses with a haploid megasporangium.
b. A diploid sperm from pollen enters the female gametophyte and fuses with a diploid egg.
c. A diploid pollen grain produced by the male sporophyte enters the female sporophyte and fuses with a haploid megasporangium.
d. A haploid sperm from pollen enters the female gametophyte and fuses with a haploid egg.
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d
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How do the sporophyte and gametophyte generations compare in a conifer?
a. The sporophyte generation is much larger than the gametophyte generation and the two generations grow as independent structures.
b. The sporophyte generation is much smaller than the gametophyte generation and the two generations grow as independent structures.
c. The sporophyte generation is much larger than the gametophyte generation and the two generations grow in a single individual.
d. The sporophyte generation is much smaller than the gametophyte generation and the two generations grow in a single individual.
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c
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Double fertilization, which is a hallmark of angiosperm sexual reproduction, results in a
a. diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm.
b. diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
c. haploid zygote and a diploid endosperm.
d. haploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
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b
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Which statement correctly describes the general pattern of the alternation of generations in angiosperms?
a. The sporophyte generation (2n) produces spores (n) that produce gametophytes (n) that produce gametes (n) that fuse to produce a new sporophyte (2n).
b. The sporophyte generation (2n) produces gametes (n) that produce gametophytes (n) that produce spores (n) that fuse to produce a new sporophyte (2n).
c. The sporophyte generation (n) produces gametes (n) that produce gametophytes (2n) that produce spores (2n) that fuse to produce a new sporophyte (n).
d. The sporophyte generation (2n) produces spores (2n) that produce gametophytes (2n) that produce gametes (n) that fuse to produce a new sporophyte (2n).
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a
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Which structure is not a part of the sporophyte generation?
a. Flower
b. Anther
c. Egg
d. Leaf
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c
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A biologist discovers a seed-bearing plant that has never been classified. Which feature will help him determine whether the plant is a gymnosperm or an angiosperm?
a. The presence of heterospory
b. A large sporophyte generation that bears the gametophyte generation in a single individual
c. Female structures that produce an egg enclosed in a protective structure
d. Male structures that produce pollen that must be transported to fuse with an egg
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c
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Which of the following clades does not include algae?
a. Embryophytes
b. Coleochaetophytes
c. Glaucophytes
d. Charophytes
e. Chlorophytes
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a
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Which of the following is a non-seed vascular plant?
a. Hornwort
b. Moss
c. Rose
d. Ginkgo tree
e. Fern
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e
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Which of the following characteristics is shared by all land plants?
a. Stomata
b. Homospory
c. Alternation of generations
d. Tracheids
e. Flowers
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c
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The sporophyte generation
a. is dependent on the gametophyte generation in vascular plants.
b. produces gametes.
c. is the dominant generation in nonvascular plants.
d. extends from the zygote through the adult diploid plant.
e. extends from the spore, through the adult multicellular haploid plant, to the gamete.
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d
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Which feature for obtaining water and minerals comes after the nonvascular plants in a phylogeny of the land plants?
a. Leaflike structures
b. Use of capillary action
c. Extensive root systems
d. Small size
e. Growth in low, dense mats
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c
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The dominant stage of the life cycle of a moss is the
a. diploid sporophyte.
b. diploid gametophyte.
c. haploid sporophyte.
d. haploid gametophyte.
e. flowering stage.
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d
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Which statement regarding vascular plants is true?
a. There is an incomplete fossil record for vascular plants.
b. It is believed that vascular plants evolved from a multiple evolutionary event.
c. The tracheid is the principal water-conducting element of the xylem in all vascular plants except the angiosperms.
d. The evolution of porous cuticle and protective layers for the gametangia contributed to making the first vascular plants successful.
e. The earliest vascular plants had roots.
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c
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Both club mosses and horsetails
a. have a smaller sporophyte than gametophyte.
b. have simple leaves.
c. are tree-sized today.
d. have always been small plants.
e. do not require liquid water as an aid in reproduction.
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b
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Which of the following statements regarding the two leaf types (microphylls and megaphylls) is true?
a. Microphylls arose from small, sterile sporangia.
b. Microphylls eventually evolved into stomata.
c. Megaphylls are found outside the euphyllophytes.
d. Lycophytes are current examples of plants in which microphylls have been lost.
e. Megaphylls were an adaptation to shading by overtopping other plants.
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a
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What might be the advantage of seeds with a dormant but viable state?
a. Insuring the continuity of the species through time
b. Limiting growth under favorable conditions
c. Reducing the chance of selective pressures acting on the seed
d. Providing pigmentation to plants
e. Assisting the evolution of herbivores
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a
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All seed plants
a. flower.
b. produce fruit.
c. possess companion cells in the phloem.
d. are heterosporous.
e. possess cones.
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d
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Seed plants
a. produce one kind of spore.
b. produce spores by mitosis.
c. produce gametes by meiosis.
d. have a large gametophyte generation.
e. produce spores by meiosis within the sporangia.
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e
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A female conifer cone is made up of modified _______ and a male cone is made up of _______ along a central axis. The megastrobilus cone contains the _______ gametophytes and the microstrobilus, the _______ gametophytes.
a. leaves; modified branches; female; male
b. branches; modified leaves; male; female
c. branches; woody scales; female; male
d. leaves; herbaceous scales; male; female
e. branches; modified leaves; female; male
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e
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Coniferous gymnosperms, such as pines, depend primarily on _______ for pollination, thus the plants produce large quantities of pollen that disperse over large areas during the spring.
a. insects
b. birds
c. water
d. wind
e. mammals
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d
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How do angiosperms differ from gymnosperms?
a. Angiosperms flower; gymnosperms do not.
b. Angiosperms produce pollen; gymnosperms do not.
c. Angiosperms are vascular plants; gymnosperms are not.
d. Angiosperms produce seeds; gymnosperms do not.
e. Angiosperms have secondary growth; gymnosperms do not.
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a
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You examine two flowers of the same species but from two separate plants. One flower has only stamens, while the other flower has only a pistil. You would conclude that the species is _______, and the flowers are _______.
a. perfect; imperfect
b. dioecious; imperfect
c. monoecious; imperfect
d. perfect; dioecious
e. perfect; monoecious
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b
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To determine how a flowering plant is pollinated, which structure or feature would be most important to examine?
a. Number of cotyledons in the embryo
b. Leaf morphology
c. Presence of a vascular system
d. Morphology of the corolla
e. Fruit
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d
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Which of the following correctly pairs a fruit and with a fruit type?
a. Blackberry – simple
b. Pineapple – aggregate
c. Apple – aggregate
d. Peach – multiple
e. Pear – accessory
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e
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Which of the following statements about seeds is true?
a. All seeds develop from an ovary.
b. All seeds rely on animals for their dispersal.
c. All seeds are fleshy and edible.
d. All types of seeds are found only in gymnosperms.
e. All seeds are brightly colored.
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a
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How do monocots and eudicots differ?
a. Eudicots flower; monocots do not.
b. They differ in the number of cotyledons their seeds contain.
c. Eudicots have ovules enclosed in carpels; monocots do not.
d. Liquid water is required for fertilization in monocots, but not for eudicots.
e. Eudicots have true roots; monocots do not.
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b
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