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In the Greek geocentric model, the retrograde motion of a planet occurs when |
the planet actually goes backward in its orbit around Earth |
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Which of the following was not a major advantage of Copernicus’s Sun-centered model over the Ptolemaic model? |
It made significantly better predictions of planetary positions in our sky |
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When we say that a planet has a highly eccentric orbit, we mean that |
in some parts of its orbit it is much closer to the Sun than in other parts |
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Earth is closer to the Sun in January than in July. Therefore, in accord with Kepler’s second law |
Earth travels faster in its orbit around the Sun in January than in July |
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According to Kepler’s third law |
Jupiter orbits the Sun at a faster speed than Saturn |
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Tycho Brahe’s contribution to astronomy included |
collecting data that enabled Kepler to discover the laws of planetary motion |
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Galileo’s contribution to astronomy included |
making observations and conducting experiments that dispelled scientific objec- tions to the Sun-centered model |
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Which of the following is not true about scientific progress? |
Science advances only through the scientific method |
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When Einstein’s theory of gravity (general relativity) gained acceptance, it demonstrated that Newton’s theory had been |
incomplete |
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Which of the following is not true about a scientific theory? |
A theory is essentially an educated guess |
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Find the perihelion and aphelion distances of Mars. (Hint: You’ll need data from Appendix E.) |
perihelion distance = a (1 − e) aphelion distance = a (1 + e) |
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