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What type of stresses broke Earth’s lithosphere into plates? |
the circulation of convection cells in the mantle, which dragged against the lithosphere |
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Which two properties are most important in determining the surface temperature of a planet? |
distance from the Sun and atmosphere |
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Which of the following most likely explains why Venus does not have a strong magnetic field? |
Its rotation is too slow. |
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Which of the following does not provide evidence that Mars once had flowing water? |
the presence of vast canals discovered in the late 1800s by Giovanni Schiaparelli and mapped by Percival Lowell |
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Deep trenches in the ocean mark places where |
one plate slides under another, returning older crust to the mantle. |
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Which of the following best describes convection? |
It is the process in which warm material expands and rises while cool material contracts and falls. |
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Which of the following describes tectonics? |
the disruption of a planet’s surface by internal stresses |
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The Caloris Basin on Mercury covers a large region of theplanet, but few smaller craters have formed on top of it. From this we conclude that |
the Caloris Basin formed toward the end of the solar system’s period of heavy bombardment. |
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The core, mantle, and crust of a planet are defined by differences in their |
composition. |
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What are the circumstances under which convection can occur in a substance? |
when the substance is strongly heated from underneath |
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What is differentiation in planetary geology? |
the process by which gravity separates materials according to density |
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The polar caps on Mars are composed of |
mostly solid carbon dioxide and some water ice. |
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Which of the following show evidence of ancient river beds? |
Mars |
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Which internal energy source produces heat by converting gravitational potential energy into thermal energy? |
both A and B |
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Which of the following best describes why the smaller terrestrial worlds have cooler interiors than the larger ones? |
They have relatively more surface area compared to their volumes. |
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The three principal sources of internal heat of terrestrial planets are |
accretion, differentiation, and radioactivity. |
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What process has shaped Earth’s surface more than any other? |
plate tectonics |
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Which internal energy source is the most important in continuing to heat the terrestrial planets today? |
radioactivity |
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Why does Earth have the strongest magnetic field among the terrestrial worlds? |
It is the only one that has both a partially molten metallic core and reasonably rapid rotation. |
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When we see a region of a planet that is not as heavily cratered as other regions, we conclude that |
the surface in the region is younger than the surface in more heavily cratered regions. |
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Which of the terrestrial worlds has the strongest magnetic field? |
Earth |
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The terrestrial planet cores contain mostly metal because |
metals sank to the center during a time when the interiors were molten throughout. |
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The geysers and hot springs of Yellowstone National Park result from |
plumes of hot mantle rising in a hot spot within a plate. |
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Shallow-sloped shield volcanoes are made from lava that |
has a medium viscosity. |
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Spacecraft have landed on all the terrestrial worlds except |
Mercury |
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How large is an impact crater compared to the size of the impactor? |
10 times larger |
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