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____ makes up about 60 percent of the body’s weight. |
water |
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Water assists in: (2) |
1. temperature regulation 2. shock absorption |
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What are 4 characteristics of water? (4) |
1. Its molecules resist being crowded together. 2. It dissolves amino acids, glucose, and minerals. 3. It is nearly a universal solvent. 4. It acts as a lubricant around joints. |
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____ and ____ ____ help prevent changes in the acid-base balance of body fluids. |
protein and mineral salts |
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The first sign of dehydration is ____. |
thirst |
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What would you look for on the label of bottles water to signify safety? |
a trademark of the International Bottled Water Association |
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What word describes the fluoride content of most bottled water the best? |
unpredictable |
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____ is the most abundant mineral in the body. |
calcium |
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Major roles of calcium in the body’s fluids include: (3) |
1. regulates the transport of ions across cell membranes 2. is essential for the clotting of blood 3. is essential for muscle contraction |
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The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is ____. |
sodium |
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Over half of the body’s magnesium is stored in the ____. |
bones |
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The more processed a food, the more ______ it contains and the less _____ it contains. |
sodium, potassium |
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____ is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells. |
potassium |
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The principal food source of chloride is ____. |
salt |
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____ must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized. |
iodine |
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Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient ____. |
protein |
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You would consume ____ and ____, ____, or _____ with a food source of iron in order to facilitate iron absorption. |
tomato and meat, fish, or poultry |
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What food provides the highest amount of zinc? |
shellfish |
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You are working with a child in a health clinic who has growth retardation, impaired immunity, and a poor appetite. This child is most likely experiencing _________ deficiency. |
zinc |
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Low blood selenium correlates with development of ____ ____. |
prostate cancer |
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Chromium enhances the activity of ____. |
insulin |
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____ stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay. |
fluoride |
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____, ____, and ____ ____ would be the best selection to provide good sources of calcium in the diet. |
milk, yogurt, and ice milk |
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Your best friend complains that she is tired all of the time and has a problem concentrating. In addition, she likes to chew ice. What deficiency does your friend likely have? |
iron deficiency |
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The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age regardless of calcium intake. (T/F) |
TRUE |
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The DASH diet is more effective in reducing blood pressure than just decreasing sodium alone because it includes the guideline to: |
greatly increase intakes of fruits and vegetables |
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When trying to get adequate iron intake in your diet, it is helpful to: |
combine vitamin C foods with non-heme iron to increase absorption |
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If a person has a deficient intake of calcium in the diet, what will be the result? (3) |
1. The intestines increase calcium absorption. 2. The bones release more calcium into the blood. 3. The kidneys prevent calcium loss in the urine. |
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Many people today are drinking bottled water; they believe it is safer than tap water, because the water’s mineral content is listed on the bottle label. (T/F) |
FALSE |
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Is there a possibility of harm to the body in healthy people with high intakes of iron? (YES or NO? WHY?) |
no, because the body adjusts the amount of iron absorbed |
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Magnesium is an important mineral that works with calcium in the body to: |
help relax muscles |
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When a child has a virus that has caused vomiting and diarrhea over several days’ time, it is critical for her to receive medical care because: |
she may need help in replacing extreme fluid losses |
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Phosphorous is critical to the acid-base balance in cells because of its role in: |
creating buffers to maintain the correct pH |
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When you eat pizza, the body will respond to the high sodium intake in the ingredients by: |
turning on the thirst signal to increase additional intake of fluid |
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What is currently known about fluoride in drinking water supplies? |
Dental decay is common in communities where fluoride is lacking in the water. |
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Selenium works as an antioxidant to protect body chemicals from oxidative damage. (T/F) |
TRUE |
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What would you tell someone who is considering taking chromium supplements? |
Chromium supplements may improve glucose or insulin response in diabetics. |
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A young woman wanting to build maximum bone density should not reduce her sodium intake, but she should: (3) |
1. adopt a high-protein diet 2. limit her intake of regular cola drinks 3. participate in regular weight-bearing exercise |
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Statement about calcium supplements for bone health: Calcium from calcium-rich mineral waters appears to be highly absorbed. (T/F) |
TRUE |
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Osteoporosis is most often associated with ____. |
underweight |
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