ART103 Midterm

The context in a work of art refers to _______.
a. its form
b. its size
c. its ideas
d. its media

c. its ideas

Content and form are interchangeable in a work of art.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Regardless of culture, content is always readily apparent in a work of art.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with ....
a. all of these answers
b. effects of art on individuals and cultures
c. art sources
d. art forms
e. art

b. effects of art on individuals and cultures

Art is always a serious endeavor and never functions as entertainment.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Ancient Egypt had an ever-changing artistic style.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Art is a _______ phenomenon.
a. natural
b. human
c. scientific
d. geographical

b. human

Fine art and popular culture often share the same images.
a. true
b. false

a. true

Definitions of ART are:
a. timeless
b. evolving
c. absolute
d. thematic
e. universal

b. evolving

Every culture, both past and present, has a word that corresponds to ours for art.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Art has several functions, including: (choose best answer)
a. commemorates the dead
b. protesting political and social injustice
c. promotes cohesion within a social group
d. all of these answers
e. entertains

d. all of these answers

Craft refers to which of the following?
a. sculpture
b. ceramics
c. architecture
d. painting

b. ceramics

Pop culture art includes:
a. gallery displays
b. museum works
c. art history slides
d. calendars

d. calendars

The components of an art work include perception, response, creativity, and _________.
a. beauty
b. energy
c. quality
d. expression

d. expression

Art is primarily a _________ medium that is used to express our ideas about our human experiences and the world around us.
a. visual
b. human
c. historical
d. spiritual

a. visual

In a work of art, the word "composition" refers to _________.
a. the physical material used by the artist
b. the physical texture of the work
c. the technical style used by the artist
d. the arrangement of the formal elements of art

d. the arrangement of the formal elements of art

Regular shapes are______________; irregular shapes are____________.
a. organic and biomorphic
b. organic and geometric
c. biomorphic and two-dimensional
d. geometric and organic

d. geometric and organic

Rythm in art is demonstrated by the_______________ of one or more of the elements of art.
a. emphasis
b. balance
c. subordination
d. repetition

d. repetition

Post and lintel construction is shown by:
a. an Egyptain pyramid
b. an igloo
c. Chartres cathedral
d. the Temple of Athena Nike

d. the Temple of Athena Nike

Lines in art can be either _______________ or _________________.
a. actual or implied
b. formal or informal
c. tonal or atonal
d. dotted or real

a. actual or implied

The wedge-shaped stones in arches are called_________________.
a. arcades
b. voussoirs
c. buttresses
d. piers

b. voussoirs

Texture and pattern are related, because if a pattern is___________ in size, it is often perceived as a textue and if a texture is____________ in size, it is seen as a pattern.
a. increased and reduced
b. reduced and increased

b. reduced and increased

Angkor Wat is an example of a building complex with______________ balance.
a. asymmetrical
b. radial
c. symmetrical
d. casual

b. radial

Eaves and_______________ go together in construction.
a. cantilevers
b. thatch
c. arches
d. lintels

a. cantilevers

Steel-frame construction has been likened to _________________.
a. reinforced concrete
b. load-bearing buildings
c. a hard shell
d. a skeleton

d. a skeleton

The Greek__________ order was considered______________; the Ionic order was considered_______________.
a. Doric/masculine/feminine
b. Ionic/feminine/masculine
c. Ionic/masculine/feminine
d. Corinthian/ feminine/masculine

a. Doric/masculine/feminine

Intensity refers to a color's ______________ or _____________.
a. spectrum or value
b. pigments or available light
c. lightness or darkness
d. brightness or dullness

d. brightness or dullness

The symbolic use of red and green at Christmas pertains to the use of _________________ colors on the color wheel.
a. analogous
b. complementary
c. local
d. emotional

b. complementary

Emphasis is the creation of one or more focal points in an artwork.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Recent innovations in structural systems include____________.
a. concrete
b. load-bearing walls
c. arches
d. reinforced concrete

d. reinforced concrete

Load-bearing construction is usually characterized by:
a. much air and light
b. large size
c. many openings in the walls
d. few openings in the walls

d. few openings in the walls

Analogous colors are________________ each other on the color wheel.
a. horizontally across from
b. next to
c. diagonally across from
d. opposite

b. next to

Rectangular glass-covered boxlike buildings are examples of the________________ style.
a. Corinthian
b. geodesic
c. free-form
d. International

d. International

The space in paintings is referred to as _____________.
a. planar
b. two-dimensional
c. three-dimensional
d. created

a. planar

Value in art refers to ___________________ and _______________.
a. brightness and dullness
b. lightness and darkness
c. worth and price
d. artificial and natural

b. lightness and darkness

Artists drawing only the outlines of an object are using______________ lines.
a. textural
b. contour
c. gesture
d. tonal

b. contour

Trusses are_____________ shaped construction supports.
a. triangular
b. cantilevered
c. rectangular
d. arched

a. triangular

Diagonal lines imply_______________.
a. calm
b. movement
c. peace
d. growth

b. movement

An achromatic value scale doesn't utilize _________.
a. illumination
b. tones
c. colors
d. grays

c. colors

Horizontal lines mostly suggest ___________.
a. confusion
b. action
c. rest
d. adventure

c. rest

Tempera, gouache, and watercolor are all waterbased paint media.
1. True
2. False

1. True

Because oil paints dry quickly, it is difficult for artists to make changes to their paintings.
1. True
2. False

2. False

The various branches of art making activity, like painting or sculpture, are called ___________.
1. disciplines
2. media
3. avante guard
4. museology

1. disciplines

The actual material substances used to create an artwork are called media.
1. True
2. False

1. True

__________ sculptures are meant to be viewed from all sides.
1. Bas relief
2. Haute relief
3. Assemblage
4. Freestanding

4. Freestanding

The ____ is an early type of photographic process.
1. photomontage
2. stereoscope
3. daguerreotype
4. cire perdue

3. daguerreotype

A silverpoint drawing is _________________.
1. made by using a thin stylis made of silver
2. a drawing of an exotic bird found largely in Indonesia
3. made by using metalic colored chalks or pastels
4. a preliminary sketch for a relief print

1. made by using a thin stylis made of silver

__________ is a type of printmaking process which uses a slab of limestone or metal and oily crayons, pencils or liquid.
1. Aquatint
2. Serigraphy
3. Drypoint
4. Lithography

4. Lithography

A marble sculpture made by cutting away stone is made in a ____ process.
1. haute relief
2. subtractive
3. constructed
4. additive

2. subtractive

Gouache is a type of watercolor with white chalk added to it to create an opaque paint.
1. False
2. True

2. True

Some contemporary artists use the craft of quilting as an art medium.
1. True
2. False

1. True

A graphite rod in a wood or metal holder is called _________.
1. silverpoint
2. a pencil
3. a conte crayon
4. charcoal

2. a pencil

Some of the oldest surviving paintings were made on ___________.
1. large wooden boats
2. carved totems
3. earthen floors
4. clay vessels

4. clay vessels

Gesso is a white, paintlike substance that is brushed onto paper or canvas to serve as a ground for painting or drawing.
1. True
2. False

1. True

From an art historical perspective, drawing is one of the newest forms of art making.
1. True
2. False

2. False

Unlike most printmaking processes, monoprinting is a type of printmaking which makes only one copy of an image.
1. False
2. True

2. True

In _______ printing, areas which are not to be printed are cut away from the printing surface, so the areas to be printed are left higher.
1. monotype
2. drypoint
3. screen
4. relief

4. relief

The word "intaglio" comes from the Italian verb meaning __________.
1. to make colorful
2. to cut into
3. to add to
4. to throw away

2. to cut into

A(n) ____ print is an example of a relief print.
1. serigraphy
2. intaglio
3. lithography
4. woodblock

4. woodblock

The surface or material that underlies a two-dimensional work of art is called the _________.
1. pigment
2. slip
3. support
4. plate

3. support

A subtext of Hopper's Nighthawks would be __________.
1. hope and renewal
2. a sense of romance and adventure
3. magic and transformation
4. a sense of impending doom or entrapment

4. a sense of impending doom or entrapment

The Tlaloc Vessel is frontal and symmetrical, which is symbolic of _________.
1. ambiguity
2. playfulness
3. informality
4. formality

4. formality

From the moment a work of art is made, its content is subject to change.
1. False
2. True

2. True

The role of the art critic is ___________________.
1. define popular taste in art
2. to describe works of art and evaluate their significance
3. to research art of the past and art of other cultures
4. to write material for museum exhibitions

2. to describe works of art and evaluate their significance

Formal analysis is important because it is helpful in understanding the ________ of a work of art.
1. design
2. meaning
3. importance
4. quality

2. meaning

Symbols are culturally determined and cannot be taught.
1. False
2. True

1. False

Ideological criticism deals with a work of art's ___________ significance.
1. economic
2. social
3. political
4. religious

3. political

Iconography uses ________ to suggest concepts and ideas.
1. writing
2. figures
3. paint
4. symbols

4. symbols

The Guerrilla Girls are a group dedicated to __________________.
1. feminist criticism
2. jungle fighting
3. changing fashion
4. apes and chimpanzees

1. feminist criticism

The most obvious factor in determining the content of a work of art is its subject matter.
1. True
2. False

1. True

Artistic metaphors and symbols are:
1. culturally determined
2. elements which represent some other concept
3. elements which are descriptive of something else
4. all of these

4. all of these

Dona Schlesier's mixed-media piece Setting Cycles has a subject matter, which is ______________.
1. devoid of meaning
2. historical
3. the materials used to make the piece
4. autobiographical

3. the materials used to make the piece

Content is about a work of art's _______.
1. shape
2. beauty
3. theme
4. size

3. theme

Art historians and art critics from different periods of time often have the same interpretations of the same works of art.
1. True
2. False

2. False

Feminist criticism deals with ________ in art.
1. prejudice
2. gender
3. psychoanalysis
4. postmodernism

2. gender

Deconstruction involves the belief that any image has ______________ of meanings.
1. a religiously determined set
2. a multiplicity
3. only one set
4. a universal set

2. a multiplicity

The subtext in an artwork refers to ________________.
1. noticeable areas of secondary dominance
2. its underlying theme or message
3. its working title
4. critical writings about its meaning

2. its underlying theme or message

Context refers to the social and ___________ conditions that encompass a work of art.
1. critical
2. structural
3. symbolic
4. political

4. political

Structuralists believe that in order to understand a work of art, one must study the structure of art and the complex ______________ of all its parts.
1. interrelationship
2. ideology
3. none of these choices
4. iconography

1. interrelationship

Psychoanalytic criticism helps to interpret artwork with strong ___________ content.
1. emotional
2. religious
3. social
4. preconceived

1. emotional

King Louis XIV founded the Royal Academy (Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture) in 1648 in France.
1. True
2. False

1. True

The opposite of an artist working on a commission is an artist working on ___________.
1. auction
2. contract
3. exchange
4. speculation

4. speculation

The pyramids of ancient Egypt served the purposes of the _________.
1. priests
2. farmers
3. artists
4. rulers

4. rulers

In medieval Europe, specialized societies called _________ preserved technical information for artists and regulated art making.
1. guilds
2. fabbricanti
3. academies
4. masons

1. guilds

Leonardo felt that observation was central to _________ and art.
1. science
2. technology
3. nature
4. physics

1. science

Artists who haven't been trained in academies and who work outside the mainstream of art are referred to as _________.
1. interns
2. naïve
3. self-taught
4. populist

3. self-taught

The first academy in Europe started in the ___________ century.
1. sixteenth
2. fourteenth
3. fifteenth
4. twelfth

3. fifteenth

Two factors that influenced the growth and popularity of museums were:
1. capitalism and colonialism
2. religion and spirituality
3. aesthetics and education
4. government and politics

1. capitalism and colonialism

An example of artistic collaboration is the _______________.
1. Nightway: Whirling Logs
2. Male Torso
3. Birds of America
4. Painting from a Cult House

3. Birds of America

Artists such as Leonardo and Michelangelo were trained by the ____________ method.
1. apprentice
2. experiential
3. Socratic
4. university

1. apprentice

The view of an artist as a creative genius rather than a skilled worker began to form in Europe during the ________________.
1. Medieval Period
2. Baroque
3. Impressionist Movement
4. Renaissance

4. Renaissance

Some Navajo rituals are known for their _______ paintings, in which pigments are sprinkled directly onto the earth to create symbols and sacred images.
1. sand
2. oil
3. acrylic
4. chalk

1. sand

__________ is the first artist in recorded history and was associated with the concept of genius.
1. Imhotep
2. Leonardo da Vinci
3. King Louis XIV
4. Michelangelo Buonnaroti

1. Imhotep

Persia's "kitab-khana" were ____________ that made illuminated manuscripts.
1. guilds
2. libraries
3. factories
4. artists

2. libraries

The pyramids of Egypt are an example of art as a _______ activity.
1. social
2. personal
3. power-driven
4. political

1. social

One example of a museum dedicated only to contemporary art is the:
1. Cairo Museum
2. Guggenheim Museum
3. Qin Figures Museum
4. British Museum

2. Guggenheim Museum

Art is kept by various cultures for the following reasons:
1. aesthetic
2. political
3. religious
4. all of these choices

4. all of these choices

Museums became common in _________ during the nineteenth century.
1. North America
2. Asia
3. Africa
4. Europe

4. Europe

Art created for the tourist market generally helps local art production to ___________.
1. decrease
2. fail
3. survive
4. increase

3. survive

An example of a community art work is the ________________.
1. Tamaya Teahouse
2. Sistine Ceiling
3. Spiral Jetty
4. AIDS Memorial Quilt

4. AIDS Memorial Quilt

Trajan's Market has tabernas whose form and arrangement suggests a ______________.
1. shopping mall
2. kiva
3. multistoried skyscraper
4. Navajo pueblo

1. shopping mall

Coe's There Is No Escape is from a series condemning the meat industry called ____.
1. Porkopolis
2. Slaughterhouse Five
3. Beefopolis
4. Animal Farm

1. Porkopolis

Salt was considered so valuable that it was a source of wealth; the European nobility used elaborate saltcellars as a ____.
1. ritual object
2. weapon
3. status symbol
4. source of trade

3. status symbol

The ancient Chinese made ____ vessels for storing wine.
1. ceramic
2. bronze
3. clay
4. brass

2. bronze

Australian Aboriginals painted "contour maps" indicating food and water locations; these maps were then ____ after a ritual celebration.
1. hidden
2. destroyed
3. preserved
4. painted over

2. destroyed

As its name suggests, the ancient Greek ____ was used for carrying and storing water.
1. fountainhead
2. hydria
3. hydrant
4. vase

2. hydria

Examples of ancient communities in which homes were close together in the same style include Catal Huyuk and ____.
1. Villa Rotonda
2. Pueblo Bonito
3. Lascaux
4. Habitat

2. Pueblo Bonito

Prehistoric artists painted images in the ____ of the caves.
1. front
2. shelter
3. back
4. outside

2. shelter

Bruegel's The Harvesters showed the place of ____ within the landscape.
1. the nobility
2. humans
3. animals
4. wheat

2. humans

In the early twentieth century, still life paintings were not concerned with ____.
1. food as sustenance
2. food as opulence
3. food as honor
4. food as political statement

1. food as sustenance

Lascaux's images probably had a(n) ____ purpose linked to nature's bounty.
1. practical
2. ritual
3. political
4. religious

2. ritual

The architect __________, who designed one of the first innovative tall buildings of the twentieth century, believed that "form follows function" in architecture.
1. Frank Lloyd Wright
2. Louis Sullivan
3. I.M. Pei
4. R. Buckminster Fuller

2. Louis Sullivan

Mu Qi's Six Persimmons emphasizes ____ in life.
1. the importance of food
2. meditation and simplicity
3. the keys to regularity
4. the beauty of fruit

2. meditation and simplicity

The Pomo tribal baskets, covered with feathers and shells were made as ceremonial ____.
1. jewelry
2. gifts
3. offerings
4. hope chests

2. gifts

Warhol's work, such as Heinz 57 Tomato Ketchup celebrated the commercial art of ____.
1. food manufacturing
2. packaging
3. illustrating
4. advertising

2. packaging

Ritual meals include:
1. all of these choices
2. meetings of government figures
3. weddings
4. religious ceremonies
5. holidays

1. all of these choices

Because water is essential for survival, various cultures have developed inventive systems for storing liquids using a variety of materials, including ________.
1. clay
2. straw
3. leather
4. all of these choices

4. all of these choices

High vs. Low Art

High Art- typically displayed in art museums; refined objects of supreme cultural achievements of the human race Low Art (Popular Art)- art that is more accessible inexpensive, entertaining, commercial, touristy, etc. (ex. tourist art, adverOsing, posters, calendars, etc.) -Kitsch, Anime, & CraI are subcategories of "Pop"

Describe how the artwork "Tan Tan Bo" by artist Takashi Murakami fits into both high and low art?

High Art= One of a kind, large, expensive, difficult to see the original (only in museums), best of contemporary Japanese art Low Art= Popular culture imagery used in this painting, artist Murakami designs high- end mass produced objects and reproductions from his studio

Disciplines and Media in Art (5 each)

Disciplines and Media for each: 1. Drawing; dry or wet media: silverpoint 2. Printmaking; woodblock, stone, or stencil 3. Painting; pigments and binder (oil or acrylic paint) 4. Fabrics, Needlework, and Weaving; quilting 5.

Explain the production and function of the "AIDS Memorial Quilt". What type of art is it?

Community Art-Making - Untrained / self-trained artists. - Example: AIDS Memorial Quilt (Ongoing effort of the Names Project begun in 1980's.) - fund-raising tool for AIDS research - made of 3X6 foot panels - made by thousands of ordinary people to memorialize someone lost to AIDS

How do the drawings in the Lascaux caves in France link food, art and ritual? Explain.

- Food: people were hunters, gatherers, early farmers - Art:proposed that people drew the likeness of images of the animals they hunted for ritual purposes - Ritual:performed on the animals' likenesses to ensure a successful hunt. + homage to earth and animal spirits + Ritual purpose linked to human food supply

What are the art categories?

High/Fine Art, popular culture, craft

Hue

pure state of a color

Chairoscuro

term to describe, gradations of light and shade to create the illusion of form

Types of line

actual, implied, directional, gesture, contour, hatching

Analogous Colors

close to each other on the color wheel

Formal Elements in Art

1. Line 2. Light and value 3. Color 4. Texture and pattern 5. Shape and volume 6. Space 7. Time and motion 8. Chance, improvisation, and spontaneity 9. Engaging all the senses

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Doric- "masculine" simple/geometric with no base Ionic- "feminine" taller, more decorative with a scroll at the top Corinthian- acanthus leaves at the top

Keystone

very top of an arch

Voussoir

blocks shaped in a certain way to hold form and reach the top of an arch

Pier

like a post to hold arch up and support it (ex. gateway arch)

Arcades

a series of arches

Buttressing

to support larger arches

Vaults

to support larger arches

Domes

arches in 360 degrees

Disciplines

the various branches of art making activity

Medium

the actual material substance used to make a work of art

Support

material that underlies the artwork

Silverpoint

a thin stylus made of silver that creates delicate marks; used on paper or wood coated with lays of gesso as a ground

Dry vs. Wet media

dry- includes pencils, chalk, pastel, and silverpoint wet- ink

Categories of printmaking

1. Relief -Woodcut and linocut are two relief printmaking processes 2. Intaglio - Etching and engraving are two intaglio printmaking processes 3. Lithography 4. Serigraphy (screen printing) 5. Monotype - Only one image can be produced from a single working of the plate

Encaustic pigment

pigment mixed with hot wax

Fresco pigment

applied to wet or dry plaster

Tempera

pigments mixed with eggs

Watercolors

transparent layers of thin stains and flowing quality

Gouache

watercolor with white chalk added to create an opaque paint

Oil Paint

slow drying, allows blending of colors and details, intense colors with lustrous surfaces

Acrylic Paint

faster drying and more versatile, is suitable to larger flat broad areas of color

Assemblages

found objects or ready-made components are incorporated (assembled) into a piece of art

Installations

usually mixed-media artworks designed for specific interior or exterior spaces

Composition

the arrangements of the elements and principles of art

Subject Matter

the specific idea of an artwork; the substance of the artwork in contrast to its form

Iconography

is a system of symbols that allows artists to refer to complex ideas

Metaphor

an image or element that is descriptive of something else

Symbol

an image or element that stands for or represents some other entity or concept

Context

consists of the external conditions that surround a work of art, such as historical events, religious attitudes, social norms, etc.

Art critics

Describe artwork, usually contemporary and evaluate their significance

Art historians

Academics who primarily research art of the past and art of other cultures

Curators

Write catalog essays, wall labels and educational material for museum and art exhibitions

Visual culture

art criticism that integrates and studies all of the visual

Semiotics

the study of signs and symbols in written and verbal communications

Apprenticeships

learning directly from a mature artist

Guilds

specialized societies in Medieval Europe that preserved technical information and regulated art making

Iconoclasm

destruction of sacred images

Hydria

a greek ceramic jar, usually with 2 handles

Vanitas

style of Dutch painting in which the theme is the transitory nature of earthly things along with the inevitability of death

Impluvium

front atrium pool that collected rain water in shelter

ART103 Midterm - Subjecto.com

ART103 Midterm

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The context in a work of art refers to _______.
a. its form
b. its size
c. its ideas
d. its media

c. its ideas

Content and form are interchangeable in a work of art.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Regardless of culture, content is always readily apparent in a work of art.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with ….
a. all of these answers
b. effects of art on individuals and cultures
c. art sources
d. art forms
e. art

b. effects of art on individuals and cultures

Art is always a serious endeavor and never functions as entertainment.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Ancient Egypt had an ever-changing artistic style.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Art is a _______ phenomenon.
a. natural
b. human
c. scientific
d. geographical

b. human

Fine art and popular culture often share the same images.
a. true
b. false

a. true

Definitions of ART are:
a. timeless
b. evolving
c. absolute
d. thematic
e. universal

b. evolving

Every culture, both past and present, has a word that corresponds to ours for art.
a. true
b. false

b. false

Art has several functions, including: (choose best answer)
a. commemorates the dead
b. protesting political and social injustice
c. promotes cohesion within a social group
d. all of these answers
e. entertains

d. all of these answers

Craft refers to which of the following?
a. sculpture
b. ceramics
c. architecture
d. painting

b. ceramics

Pop culture art includes:
a. gallery displays
b. museum works
c. art history slides
d. calendars

d. calendars

The components of an art work include perception, response, creativity, and _________.
a. beauty
b. energy
c. quality
d. expression

d. expression

Art is primarily a _________ medium that is used to express our ideas about our human experiences and the world around us.
a. visual
b. human
c. historical
d. spiritual

a. visual

In a work of art, the word "composition" refers to _________.
a. the physical material used by the artist
b. the physical texture of the work
c. the technical style used by the artist
d. the arrangement of the formal elements of art

d. the arrangement of the formal elements of art

Regular shapes are______________; irregular shapes are____________.
a. organic and biomorphic
b. organic and geometric
c. biomorphic and two-dimensional
d. geometric and organic

d. geometric and organic

Rythm in art is demonstrated by the_______________ of one or more of the elements of art.
a. emphasis
b. balance
c. subordination
d. repetition

d. repetition

Post and lintel construction is shown by:
a. an Egyptain pyramid
b. an igloo
c. Chartres cathedral
d. the Temple of Athena Nike

d. the Temple of Athena Nike

Lines in art can be either _______________ or _________________.
a. actual or implied
b. formal or informal
c. tonal or atonal
d. dotted or real

a. actual or implied

The wedge-shaped stones in arches are called_________________.
a. arcades
b. voussoirs
c. buttresses
d. piers

b. voussoirs

Texture and pattern are related, because if a pattern is___________ in size, it is often perceived as a textue and if a texture is____________ in size, it is seen as a pattern.
a. increased and reduced
b. reduced and increased

b. reduced and increased

Angkor Wat is an example of a building complex with______________ balance.
a. asymmetrical
b. radial
c. symmetrical
d. casual

b. radial

Eaves and_______________ go together in construction.
a. cantilevers
b. thatch
c. arches
d. lintels

a. cantilevers

Steel-frame construction has been likened to _________________.
a. reinforced concrete
b. load-bearing buildings
c. a hard shell
d. a skeleton

d. a skeleton

The Greek__________ order was considered______________; the Ionic order was considered_______________.
a. Doric/masculine/feminine
b. Ionic/feminine/masculine
c. Ionic/masculine/feminine
d. Corinthian/ feminine/masculine

a. Doric/masculine/feminine

Intensity refers to a color’s ______________ or _____________.
a. spectrum or value
b. pigments or available light
c. lightness or darkness
d. brightness or dullness

d. brightness or dullness

The symbolic use of red and green at Christmas pertains to the use of _________________ colors on the color wheel.
a. analogous
b. complementary
c. local
d. emotional

b. complementary

Emphasis is the creation of one or more focal points in an artwork.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Recent innovations in structural systems include____________.
a. concrete
b. load-bearing walls
c. arches
d. reinforced concrete

d. reinforced concrete

Load-bearing construction is usually characterized by:
a. much air and light
b. large size
c. many openings in the walls
d. few openings in the walls

d. few openings in the walls

Analogous colors are________________ each other on the color wheel.
a. horizontally across from
b. next to
c. diagonally across from
d. opposite

b. next to

Rectangular glass-covered boxlike buildings are examples of the________________ style.
a. Corinthian
b. geodesic
c. free-form
d. International

d. International

The space in paintings is referred to as _____________.
a. planar
b. two-dimensional
c. three-dimensional
d. created

a. planar

Value in art refers to ___________________ and _______________.
a. brightness and dullness
b. lightness and darkness
c. worth and price
d. artificial and natural

b. lightness and darkness

Artists drawing only the outlines of an object are using______________ lines.
a. textural
b. contour
c. gesture
d. tonal

b. contour

Trusses are_____________ shaped construction supports.
a. triangular
b. cantilevered
c. rectangular
d. arched

a. triangular

Diagonal lines imply_______________.
a. calm
b. movement
c. peace
d. growth

b. movement

An achromatic value scale doesn’t utilize _________.
a. illumination
b. tones
c. colors
d. grays

c. colors

Horizontal lines mostly suggest ___________.
a. confusion
b. action
c. rest
d. adventure

c. rest

Tempera, gouache, and watercolor are all waterbased paint media.
1. True
2. False

1. True

Because oil paints dry quickly, it is difficult for artists to make changes to their paintings.
1. True
2. False

2. False

The various branches of art making activity, like painting or sculpture, are called ___________.
1. disciplines
2. media
3. avante guard
4. museology

1. disciplines

The actual material substances used to create an artwork are called media.
1. True
2. False

1. True

__________ sculptures are meant to be viewed from all sides.
1. Bas relief
2. Haute relief
3. Assemblage
4. Freestanding

4. Freestanding

The ____ is an early type of photographic process.
1. photomontage
2. stereoscope
3. daguerreotype
4. cire perdue

3. daguerreotype

A silverpoint drawing is _________________.
1. made by using a thin stylis made of silver
2. a drawing of an exotic bird found largely in Indonesia
3. made by using metalic colored chalks or pastels
4. a preliminary sketch for a relief print

1. made by using a thin stylis made of silver

__________ is a type of printmaking process which uses a slab of limestone or metal and oily crayons, pencils or liquid.
1. Aquatint
2. Serigraphy
3. Drypoint
4. Lithography

4. Lithography

A marble sculpture made by cutting away stone is made in a ____ process.
1. haute relief
2. subtractive
3. constructed
4. additive

2. subtractive

Gouache is a type of watercolor with white chalk added to it to create an opaque paint.
1. False
2. True

2. True

Some contemporary artists use the craft of quilting as an art medium.
1. True
2. False

1. True

A graphite rod in a wood or metal holder is called _________.
1. silverpoint
2. a pencil
3. a conte crayon
4. charcoal

2. a pencil

Some of the oldest surviving paintings were made on ___________.
1. large wooden boats
2. carved totems
3. earthen floors
4. clay vessels

4. clay vessels

Gesso is a white, paintlike substance that is brushed onto paper or canvas to serve as a ground for painting or drawing.
1. True
2. False

1. True

From an art historical perspective, drawing is one of the newest forms of art making.
1. True
2. False

2. False

Unlike most printmaking processes, monoprinting is a type of printmaking which makes only one copy of an image.
1. False
2. True

2. True

In _______ printing, areas which are not to be printed are cut away from the printing surface, so the areas to be printed are left higher.
1. monotype
2. drypoint
3. screen
4. relief

4. relief

The word "intaglio" comes from the Italian verb meaning __________.
1. to make colorful
2. to cut into
3. to add to
4. to throw away

2. to cut into

A(n) ____ print is an example of a relief print.
1. serigraphy
2. intaglio
3. lithography
4. woodblock

4. woodblock

The surface or material that underlies a two-dimensional work of art is called the _________.
1. pigment
2. slip
3. support
4. plate

3. support

A subtext of Hopper’s Nighthawks would be __________.
1. hope and renewal
2. a sense of romance and adventure
3. magic and transformation
4. a sense of impending doom or entrapment

4. a sense of impending doom or entrapment

The Tlaloc Vessel is frontal and symmetrical, which is symbolic of _________.
1. ambiguity
2. playfulness
3. informality
4. formality

4. formality

From the moment a work of art is made, its content is subject to change.
1. False
2. True

2. True

The role of the art critic is ___________________.
1. define popular taste in art
2. to describe works of art and evaluate their significance
3. to research art of the past and art of other cultures
4. to write material for museum exhibitions

2. to describe works of art and evaluate their significance

Formal analysis is important because it is helpful in understanding the ________ of a work of art.
1. design
2. meaning
3. importance
4. quality

2. meaning

Symbols are culturally determined and cannot be taught.
1. False
2. True

1. False

Ideological criticism deals with a work of art’s ___________ significance.
1. economic
2. social
3. political
4. religious

3. political

Iconography uses ________ to suggest concepts and ideas.
1. writing
2. figures
3. paint
4. symbols

4. symbols

The Guerrilla Girls are a group dedicated to __________________.
1. feminist criticism
2. jungle fighting
3. changing fashion
4. apes and chimpanzees

1. feminist criticism

The most obvious factor in determining the content of a work of art is its subject matter.
1. True
2. False

1. True

Artistic metaphors and symbols are:
1. culturally determined
2. elements which represent some other concept
3. elements which are descriptive of something else
4. all of these

4. all of these

Dona Schlesier’s mixed-media piece Setting Cycles has a subject matter, which is ______________.
1. devoid of meaning
2. historical
3. the materials used to make the piece
4. autobiographical

3. the materials used to make the piece

Content is about a work of art’s _______.
1. shape
2. beauty
3. theme
4. size

3. theme

Art historians and art critics from different periods of time often have the same interpretations of the same works of art.
1. True
2. False

2. False

Feminist criticism deals with ________ in art.
1. prejudice
2. gender
3. psychoanalysis
4. postmodernism

2. gender

Deconstruction involves the belief that any image has ______________ of meanings.
1. a religiously determined set
2. a multiplicity
3. only one set
4. a universal set

2. a multiplicity

The subtext in an artwork refers to ________________.
1. noticeable areas of secondary dominance
2. its underlying theme or message
3. its working title
4. critical writings about its meaning

2. its underlying theme or message

Context refers to the social and ___________ conditions that encompass a work of art.
1. critical
2. structural
3. symbolic
4. political

4. political

Structuralists believe that in order to understand a work of art, one must study the structure of art and the complex ______________ of all its parts.
1. interrelationship
2. ideology
3. none of these choices
4. iconography

1. interrelationship

Psychoanalytic criticism helps to interpret artwork with strong ___________ content.
1. emotional
2. religious
3. social
4. preconceived

1. emotional

King Louis XIV founded the Royal Academy (Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture) in 1648 in France.
1. True
2. False

1. True

The opposite of an artist working on a commission is an artist working on ___________.
1. auction
2. contract
3. exchange
4. speculation

4. speculation

The pyramids of ancient Egypt served the purposes of the _________.
1. priests
2. farmers
3. artists
4. rulers

4. rulers

In medieval Europe, specialized societies called _________ preserved technical information for artists and regulated art making.
1. guilds
2. fabbricanti
3. academies
4. masons

1. guilds

Leonardo felt that observation was central to _________ and art.
1. science
2. technology
3. nature
4. physics

1. science

Artists who haven’t been trained in academies and who work outside the mainstream of art are referred to as _________.
1. interns
2. naïve
3. self-taught
4. populist

3. self-taught

The first academy in Europe started in the ___________ century.
1. sixteenth
2. fourteenth
3. fifteenth
4. twelfth

3. fifteenth

Two factors that influenced the growth and popularity of museums were:
1. capitalism and colonialism
2. religion and spirituality
3. aesthetics and education
4. government and politics

1. capitalism and colonialism

An example of artistic collaboration is the _______________.
1. Nightway: Whirling Logs
2. Male Torso
3. Birds of America
4. Painting from a Cult House

3. Birds of America

Artists such as Leonardo and Michelangelo were trained by the ____________ method.
1. apprentice
2. experiential
3. Socratic
4. university

1. apprentice

The view of an artist as a creative genius rather than a skilled worker began to form in Europe during the ________________.
1. Medieval Period
2. Baroque
3. Impressionist Movement
4. Renaissance

4. Renaissance

Some Navajo rituals are known for their _______ paintings, in which pigments are sprinkled directly onto the earth to create symbols and sacred images.
1. sand
2. oil
3. acrylic
4. chalk

1. sand

__________ is the first artist in recorded history and was associated with the concept of genius.
1. Imhotep
2. Leonardo da Vinci
3. King Louis XIV
4. Michelangelo Buonnaroti

1. Imhotep

Persia’s "kitab-khana" were ____________ that made illuminated manuscripts.
1. guilds
2. libraries
3. factories
4. artists

2. libraries

The pyramids of Egypt are an example of art as a _______ activity.
1. social
2. personal
3. power-driven
4. political

1. social

One example of a museum dedicated only to contemporary art is the:
1. Cairo Museum
2. Guggenheim Museum
3. Qin Figures Museum
4. British Museum

2. Guggenheim Museum

Art is kept by various cultures for the following reasons:
1. aesthetic
2. political
3. religious
4. all of these choices

4. all of these choices

Museums became common in _________ during the nineteenth century.
1. North America
2. Asia
3. Africa
4. Europe

4. Europe

Art created for the tourist market generally helps local art production to ___________.
1. decrease
2. fail
3. survive
4. increase

3. survive

An example of a community art work is the ________________.
1. Tamaya Teahouse
2. Sistine Ceiling
3. Spiral Jetty
4. AIDS Memorial Quilt

4. AIDS Memorial Quilt

Trajan’s Market has tabernas whose form and arrangement suggests a ______________.
1. shopping mall
2. kiva
3. multistoried skyscraper
4. Navajo pueblo

1. shopping mall

Coe’s There Is No Escape is from a series condemning the meat industry called ____.
1. Porkopolis
2. Slaughterhouse Five
3. Beefopolis
4. Animal Farm

1. Porkopolis

Salt was considered so valuable that it was a source of wealth; the European nobility used elaborate saltcellars as a ____.
1. ritual object
2. weapon
3. status symbol
4. source of trade

3. status symbol

The ancient Chinese made ____ vessels for storing wine.
1. ceramic
2. bronze
3. clay
4. brass

2. bronze

Australian Aboriginals painted "contour maps" indicating food and water locations; these maps were then ____ after a ritual celebration.
1. hidden
2. destroyed
3. preserved
4. painted over

2. destroyed

As its name suggests, the ancient Greek ____ was used for carrying and storing water.
1. fountainhead
2. hydria
3. hydrant
4. vase

2. hydria

Examples of ancient communities in which homes were close together in the same style include Catal Huyuk and ____.
1. Villa Rotonda
2. Pueblo Bonito
3. Lascaux
4. Habitat

2. Pueblo Bonito

Prehistoric artists painted images in the ____ of the caves.
1. front
2. shelter
3. back
4. outside

2. shelter

Bruegel’s The Harvesters showed the place of ____ within the landscape.
1. the nobility
2. humans
3. animals
4. wheat

2. humans

In the early twentieth century, still life paintings were not concerned with ____.
1. food as sustenance
2. food as opulence
3. food as honor
4. food as political statement

1. food as sustenance

Lascaux’s images probably had a(n) ____ purpose linked to nature’s bounty.
1. practical
2. ritual
3. political
4. religious

2. ritual

The architect __________, who designed one of the first innovative tall buildings of the twentieth century, believed that "form follows function" in architecture.
1. Frank Lloyd Wright
2. Louis Sullivan
3. I.M. Pei
4. R. Buckminster Fuller

2. Louis Sullivan

Mu Qi’s Six Persimmons emphasizes ____ in life.
1. the importance of food
2. meditation and simplicity
3. the keys to regularity
4. the beauty of fruit

2. meditation and simplicity

The Pomo tribal baskets, covered with feathers and shells were made as ceremonial ____.
1. jewelry
2. gifts
3. offerings
4. hope chests

2. gifts

Warhol’s work, such as Heinz 57 Tomato Ketchup celebrated the commercial art of ____.
1. food manufacturing
2. packaging
3. illustrating
4. advertising

2. packaging

Ritual meals include:
1. all of these choices
2. meetings of government figures
3. weddings
4. religious ceremonies
5. holidays

1. all of these choices

Because water is essential for survival, various cultures have developed inventive systems for storing liquids using a variety of materials, including ________.
1. clay
2. straw
3. leather
4. all of these choices

4. all of these choices

High vs. Low Art

High Art- typically displayed in art museums; refined objects of supreme cultural achievements of the human race Low Art (Popular Art)- art that is more accessible inexpensive, entertaining, commercial, touristy, etc. (ex. tourist art, adverOsing, posters, calendars, etc.) -Kitsch, Anime, & CraI are subcategories of "Pop"

Describe how the artwork "Tan Tan Bo" by artist Takashi Murakami fits into both high and low art?

High Art= One of a kind, large, expensive, difficult to see the original (only in museums), best of contemporary Japanese art Low Art= Popular culture imagery used in this painting, artist Murakami designs high- end mass produced objects and reproductions from his studio

Disciplines and Media in Art (5 each)

Disciplines and Media for each: 1. Drawing; dry or wet media: silverpoint 2. Printmaking; woodblock, stone, or stencil 3. Painting; pigments and binder (oil or acrylic paint) 4. Fabrics, Needlework, and Weaving; quilting 5.

Explain the production and function of the "AIDS Memorial Quilt". What type of art is it?

Community Art-Making – Untrained / self-trained artists. – Example: AIDS Memorial Quilt (Ongoing effort of the Names Project begun in 1980’s.) – fund-raising tool for AIDS research – made of 3X6 foot panels – made by thousands of ordinary people to memorialize someone lost to AIDS

How do the drawings in the Lascaux caves in France link food, art and ritual? Explain.

– Food: people were hunters, gatherers, early farmers – Art:proposed that people drew the likeness of images of the animals they hunted for ritual purposes – Ritual:performed on the animals’ likenesses to ensure a successful hunt. + homage to earth and animal spirits + Ritual purpose linked to human food supply

What are the art categories?

High/Fine Art, popular culture, craft

Hue

pure state of a color

Chairoscuro

term to describe, gradations of light and shade to create the illusion of form

Types of line

actual, implied, directional, gesture, contour, hatching

Analogous Colors

close to each other on the color wheel

Formal Elements in Art

1. Line 2. Light and value 3. Color 4. Texture and pattern 5. Shape and volume 6. Space 7. Time and motion 8. Chance, improvisation, and spontaneity 9. Engaging all the senses

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Doric- "masculine" simple/geometric with no base Ionic- "feminine" taller, more decorative with a scroll at the top Corinthian- acanthus leaves at the top

Keystone

very top of an arch

Voussoir

blocks shaped in a certain way to hold form and reach the top of an arch

Pier

like a post to hold arch up and support it (ex. gateway arch)

Arcades

a series of arches

Buttressing

to support larger arches

Vaults

to support larger arches

Domes

arches in 360 degrees

Disciplines

the various branches of art making activity

Medium

the actual material substance used to make a work of art

Support

material that underlies the artwork

Silverpoint

a thin stylus made of silver that creates delicate marks; used on paper or wood coated with lays of gesso as a ground

Dry vs. Wet media

dry- includes pencils, chalk, pastel, and silverpoint wet- ink

Categories of printmaking

1. Relief -Woodcut and linocut are two relief printmaking processes 2. Intaglio – Etching and engraving are two intaglio printmaking processes 3. Lithography 4. Serigraphy (screen printing) 5. Monotype – Only one image can be produced from a single working of the plate

Encaustic pigment

pigment mixed with hot wax

Fresco pigment

applied to wet or dry plaster

Tempera

pigments mixed with eggs

Watercolors

transparent layers of thin stains and flowing quality

Gouache

watercolor with white chalk added to create an opaque paint

Oil Paint

slow drying, allows blending of colors and details, intense colors with lustrous surfaces

Acrylic Paint

faster drying and more versatile, is suitable to larger flat broad areas of color

Assemblages

found objects or ready-made components are incorporated (assembled) into a piece of art

Installations

usually mixed-media artworks designed for specific interior or exterior spaces

Composition

the arrangements of the elements and principles of art

Subject Matter

the specific idea of an artwork; the substance of the artwork in contrast to its form

Iconography

is a system of symbols that allows artists to refer to complex ideas

Metaphor

an image or element that is descriptive of something else

Symbol

an image or element that stands for or represents some other entity or concept

Context

consists of the external conditions that surround a work of art, such as historical events, religious attitudes, social norms, etc.

Art critics

Describe artwork, usually contemporary and evaluate their significance

Art historians

Academics who primarily research art of the past and art of other cultures

Curators

Write catalog essays, wall labels and educational material for museum and art exhibitions

Visual culture

art criticism that integrates and studies all of the visual

Semiotics

the study of signs and symbols in written and verbal communications

Apprenticeships

learning directly from a mature artist

Guilds

specialized societies in Medieval Europe that preserved technical information and regulated art making

Iconoclasm

destruction of sacred images

Hydria

a greek ceramic jar, usually with 2 handles

Vanitas

style of Dutch painting in which the theme is the transitory nature of earthly things along with the inevitability of death

Impluvium

front atrium pool that collected rain water in shelter

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