Art Exam (Ch 1-5)

Aesthetics is:

a branch of philosophy

Ancient Egypt had an ever-changing artistic style.
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F

An equestrian sculpture is one that includes a ____.

Horse

Art has ____________________ form, which includes the materials used to make the artwork, its formal elements, and its overall composition.

Visual

Art has several functions, including (choose the best answer):

All of the above

Art is always a serious endeavor and never functions as entertainment.
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Art is a ____ phenomenon.

Human

Art is primarily a ____________________ medium used to express ideas about our human experience and the world around us.

Visual

Art is whatever a society or a culture determines is art.
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Ceramics, glass, jewelry, weaving, and woodworking are categorized as ____________________.

Craft

Contemporary art and popular culture often share the same images.
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Content and form are interchangeable in a work of art.
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Craft refers to which of the following?

Pottery

Every culture, both past and present, has a word that corresponds to ours for art.
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In ancient Rome, ____ sculptures were seen as the ultimate symbol of imperial dignity and power.

Equestrian

In a work of art, the word "composition" refers to ____.

the arrangement of the formal elements of art

In which way can art be categorized?

All of the above

____________________ is the manner of expression that is characteristic of art made by an individual artist, from a historic period or from an entire civilization.

Style

__________________ is the mass of ideas associated with a work of art.

Content

Objects or images are categorized as ____________________ if they have an emotional appeal that is generalized, superficial, or sentimental.

Kitsch

Popular art includes:

Calanders

Regardless of culture, content is always readily apparent in a work of art
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___________________ styles of art convey intense emotions

Expressive

The components of an artwork include perception, response, creativity, and ____.

Expression

The content of a work of art refers to ____.

Its meaning

The visual form of a work of art is the ____________________ embodiment of an idea.

Physical

Traditional Chinese paintings were not made from life, but from memory.
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Van Gogh was not a member of another stylistic group.
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F

What’s missing in this definition of art? Art is primarily a ____ medium that is used to express our ideas about our human experience and the world around us.

Visual

When artists challenge existing conventions of art, they are considered to be ________________.

avant-garde

Visual texture consists of physical surface variations that can be experienced by the sense of touch.
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Gesture lines are a type of line with an expressive character.
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Buttressing occurs when a straight row of arches are placed side by side.
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Geodesic domes are a type of small dome used in early Roman residential architecture.
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F

Rectangular glass-covered, boxlike buildings are examples of the International style in architecture.
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T

The wedge-shaped stones in arches are called piers.
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Horizontal lines mostly suggest ____.

Rest

Diagonal lines imply____.

Action

Value in art refers to ____ and ____.

lightness and darkness

An achromatic value scale doesn’t utilize ____.

Colors

Chiaroscuro was first used by fifteenth century ____ painters to give the illusion of rounded forms on a flat surface.

Italian

Another name for atmospheric perspective is ____ perspective.

Aerial

Every color has three properties: hue, value, and ____.

intensity

Black and white added to colors creates ____ and ____.

shades and tints

Intensity refers to a color’s ____ or ____.

brightness or dullness

Analogous colors are ____ each other on the color wheel.

next to

Regular shapes are ____; irregular shapes are ____.

geometric and organic

The space in paintings is referred to as ____.

planar

Rhythm in art is demonstrated by the ____ of one or more of the elements of art.

repetition

Generally speaking, architectural structures are practical, aesthetic, meaningful, and ____.

Symbolic

Generally speaking, architectural structures are practical, aesthetic, meaningful, and ____.

few openings in the walls

Post and lintel construction is shown by

the Parthenon

The Greek ____ order was considered ____; the Ionic order was considered ____.

Doric/masucline/feminine

The ____ was most noted for its dome.

Pantheon

Eaves and ____ go together in construction.

cantilevers

Pendentives and squinches are associated with ____.

domes

Steel-frame construction has been likened to ____.

a skeleton

The Parthenon is an example of a building with ____ balance.

symmetrical

Ornamentation in architecture is the ____ of forms or surfaces beyond structural necessity.

embellishment

Recent innovations in structural systems include ____.

reinforced concrete

Ornamentation in architecture usually functions symbolically or ____.

aesthetically

One of the earliest forms of load-bearing construction is the ____ method of construction.

post and lintel

____ patterns occur all around us in nature.

natural

____ is the creation of one or more focal points in a work of art.

emphasis

A line that describes volume across the surface of an object or shape is called a ____ line.

cross-hatched

Cross-hatching is used to create ____ in a work of art.

Value

To create an illusion of volume and natural light, artists use ____ to manipulate gradations in value.

Shading

In the ____ color system, artists mix pigments to control the light that is reflected from them.

Subtractive

____ textures mimic reality.

simulated

____ patterns have regular elements spaced at regular intervals.

geometric

A rose window in a cathedral is a good example of organizing a composition using ____ balance.

radial

Trusses are ____ shaped construction supports.

triangular

Artists drawing only the outlines of an object are using ____ lines.

contour

The use of red and green at Christmas is an example of ____ colors.

complementary

Lines in art can be either actual or ____.

implied

Balance that involves a mirror-like repetition on either side of a central axis is called ____ balance.

symmetrical

Neutral colors, such as cream, tan, or beige, are very ____-intensity colors.

low

A/an ____ is a live-action event that is staged as an artwork.

performance

A graphite rod in a wood or metal holder is called ____.

pencil

A marble sculpture made by cutting away stone is made in a ____ process.

subtractive

An assembled artwork made with a variety of techniques and materials is categorized as a ____ piece.

mixed media

A(n) ____ print is an example of a relief print.

woodblock

____ are finely skilled handwork in media such as ceramics, glass, wood, metal, and fibers.

crafts

A silverpoint drawing is ____.

made by using a thin stylus made of silver

Because oil paints dry quickly, it is difficult for artists to make changes to their paintings.
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Ceramics are found in almost every culture, from ancient times to the present.
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Except for very small sculptures, all cast sculptures are created using the ____ method of casting.

lost wax

From a historical art perspective, drawing is one of the newest forms of art making.
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Gesso is a white, paint-like substance that is brushed onto paper or canvas to serve as a ground for painting or drawing.
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Gouache is a type of watercolor, which has Chinese white chalk added to it to create an opaque surface.
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In kinetic sculptures, ____ is required to make the sculpture complete.

movement

In ____ printing, areas that are not to be printed are cut away from the printing surface, so the areas to be printed are left higher.

relief

____ is a carbon stick created from burnt wood and is commonly used to make drawings.

charcoal

____ is a type of printmaking process that uses a slab of limestone or metal and oily crayons, pencils, or liquid.

lithography

Mixed media artworks designed for a specific interior or exterior space are called ____.

installations

Modeling is often considered a(n) ____ process, because material is built up to create sculptural form.

additive

Often used for large murals, fresco paintings are always painted on ____.

plaster

____ painting is an ancient medium that uses pigments mixed with hot beeswax.

Encaustic

____ paints, a combination of pigments and a synthetic polymer liquid binder, were invented in the twentieth century.

acrylic

Photomontage is related to ____ , which can be made of almost anything that can be glued to a surface.

collage

Photomontage is related to ____ , which can be made of almost anything that can be glued to a surface.
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____ sculptures are meant to be viewed from all sides.

freestanding

Slip is an acid-resistant resin used to make aquatints.
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Some contemporary artists use the craft of quilting as an art medium.
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Some of the oldest surviving paintings were made on ____.

clay vessels

Tempera, gouache, and watercolor are all water-based paint media.
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Tempera paint is often used to create ____.

sharp lines and details

The actual material substances used to create an artwork are called ____.

media

The intense colorful powders used to make paints are called ____ .

pigments

The ____ is an early type of photographic process.

daguerreotype

The surface or material that underlies a two-dimensional work of art is called the ____.

support

The various branches of art-making activity, like painting or sculpture, are called ____.

disciplines

The word "intaglio" comes from the Italian verb meaning ____.

to cut into

Traditional tempera paint consists of pigments mixed with ____, which acts as a binder.

egg yolk

Unlike most printmaking processes, monoprinting is a type of printmaking that makes only one copy of an image.
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According to ____, all art supports some particular political agenda, cultural structure, or economic/class hierarchy.

ideological criticism

A recent discipline in critical writing is ____ , which attempts to integrate and analyze the visual components of contemporary culture.

visual culture

Art historians and art critics from different periods of time often have different interpretations of the same works of art.
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Artistic metaphors and symbols are ____.

all of the above

A subtext of Hopper’s Nighthawks would be ____.

a sense of impending doom or entrapment

A visual ____ is an image or element that is descriptive of something else.

metaphor

Brazilian-born Thai artist Rirkrit Tiravanija created a stainless steel Ping-Pong table called Untitled 2008 (the future will be chrome). This work is a good example of ____ because gallery-goers can play on it.

relational aesthetics

Content is about a work of art’s ____.

theme

Context refers to the social and ____ conditions that encompass a work of art.

political

____ criticism focuses on the political implications of a work of art.

ideological

Deconstruction involves the belief that any image has ____ of meanings.

a multiplicity

Dona Schlesier’s mixed-media piece Setting Cycles has a subject matter that is ____.

in the organization of the materials used to make the piece

Feminist criticism deals with ____ in art.

gender

Formal analysis is important because it is helpful in understanding the ____ of a work of art.

composition

From the moment a work of art is made, its content is subject to change.
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Gerhard Richter’s series of fifteen paintings titled October 18, 1977 reflects ____ ideas.

post-structuralist

Iconography uses ____ to suggest concepts and ideas.

symbols

Ideological criticism deals with a work of art’s ____ significance.

political

In a work of art, content is conveyed primarily in three ways: through its symbolic references, through written materials and cultural context, and ____.

through the subject matter

____ is a system of symbols that allows artists to refer to complex ideas.

iconography

Psychoanalytic criticism helps to interpret artwork with strong ____ content.

emotional

Relational aesthetics focuses on human relationships and social spaces, rather than emphasizing art objects in private galleries, homes, or museums.
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Structuralists believe that in order to understand a work of art, one must study the structure of art and the complex ____ of all its parts.

interrelationship

Symbols are culturally determined and cannot be taught.
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The most obvious factor in determining the content of a work of art is its subject matter.
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The role of the art critic is ____.

to describe works of art and evaluate their significance

The study of signs in verbal or written communication is called ____.

semiotics

The subject in Neshat’s art is Islamic women and femininity in a country where women’s actions and rights are limited by law.
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The subtext in an artwork refers to ____.

its underlying theme or message

The ____ tells us what a work of art is about.

subject matter

The Tlaloc Vessel is frontal and symmetrical, which is symbolic of ____.

formalility

While ____ was important to modernists, ____ is important to postmodernists.

painting/photography

The Lascaux cave paintings, in southern France, were done from memory and focus on animals’ energy and movements.
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The ancient Chinese made bronze vessels called hydrias for storing liquids, such as ritual wine.
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In most contemporary industrial societies, few people hunt and process the meat they eat.
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Because water is essential for survival, various cultures have developed inventive systems for storing liquids using a variety of materials, including clay, leather, wood, and straw.
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Men from Northwest Native American tribes excelled at weaving symbolic, geometric patterns into their baskets.
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F

The elaborate baskets woven by people from the Pomo tribe in California were strictly used for ritual purposes.
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The use of the still life as a subject matter was an important vehicle for abstraction for early twentieth century American artists.
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The earliest examples of domestic architecture feature group living.
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Due to their technological innovations in structural engineering, by the first century CE, average Romans lived in heated apartment buildings with functional sewer systems.
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In most cultures, symbolic meaning is frequently attached to public buildings but rarely associated with individual homes.
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F

Lascaux’s images probably had a(n) ____ purpose linked to nature’s bounty.

ritual

Prehistoric artists painted images in the ____ of the caves.

back

Australian Aboriginals painted "contour maps" indicating food and water locations; these maps were then ____ after a ritual celebration.

destroyed

Coe’s There Is No Escape is from a series condemning the meat industry called ____.

porkopolis

The ancient Chinese made ____ vessels for storing wine.

bronze

As its name suggests, the ancient Greek ____ was used for carrying and storing water.

hydria

The Pomo tribal baskets, covered with feathers and shells, were made as ceremonial ____.

gifts

Warhol’s work, such as Heinz 57 Tomato Ketchup, celebrated the commercial art of ____.

advertising

Salt was considered so valuable that it was a source of wealth; the European nobility used elaborate saltcellars as a ____ .

status symbol

Jan Davidsz de Heem’s A Table of Desserts reflects cultural and ____ beliefs.

religious

Mu Qi’s Six Persimmons emphasizes ____ in life.

meditation and simplicity

An important component of European still life painting was the idea of ____.

food as vanitas

In the early twentieth century, still life paintings were NOT concerned with ____.

food as sustenance

Ritual meals do NOT include ____.

sunday brunch

The House of Julius Polybius had a front atrium with a pool, called the____ , for collecting rainwater.

impluvium

Examples of ancient communities in which homes were close together in the same style include Çatal Hüyük and ____.

pueblo bonito

Trajan’s Market has tabernas whose form and arrangement suggests a ____.

shopping mall

In this composition, ____ suggests the balance of the cosmos and the ancestors, providing sustenance for humans.

symmetry

This artwork is an example of a(n) ____ painting.

Aboriginal contour map

The function of this painting is to show food as ____.

a popular icon

The architect ____, who designed one of the first innovative tall buildings of the twentieth century, believed that "form follows function" in architecture.

Louis Sullivan

Greek ceramics are known for ____ painting, in which a thin coating of black-firing clay covers the red clay of the vessel and details are scratched into the surface with a needle.

black figure

A ____ is a vessel designed specifically to contain salt.

saltcellar

The Pop artist ____ created sculptures that look like mass-produced cardboard packaging for common grocery store items using silk-screened wood.

Andy Warhol

Paintings reflecting the beliefs of ____, such as Mu-Qi’s Six Persimmons from 1269, emphasize the importance of simplicity and meditation in life.

Zen Buddhism

A ____ painting is a work of art, which uses a still life as a metaphor for the inevitability of death.

vanitas

The Native American ____ was originally a small tent used during the hunting season.

tipi

The concrete ____ of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater show substantial influence from Japanese and Chinese architecture.

cantilevers

Twentieth-century skyscrapers, devoid of ornamentation, are examples of the ____ style in architecture.

international