What is one of the main reasons that the creation of the Olmec colossal heads is so impressive? |
They were created without metal tools |
This Spanish artist combined a bicycle seat and handle bars into a form that was reminiscent of a bull’s head |
Pablo Picasso |
This sculptural process is the act of creating an environment that a viewer will experience within a space |
Installation |
The sculptural process in which the artist carves only in shallow depth is called ____. |
bas-relief |
Ancient Greek sculptors sometimes created cast sculptures from _____, an alloy of copper and tin |
Bronze |
How does the American artist George Ricky ensure that his kinetic sculpture Breaking Column moves even when there is no wind? |
it is motorized |
Artists who model forms using soft pliable materials, such as clay or wax, sometimes employ this kind of support when creating their work |
an armature |
The name of this bronze-casting process relies on a modeled original form made from a pliable material. This method is know as _____. |
Lost-wax casting |
Which of these is not an additive process of sculpting? |
Chiseling |
Which of these is not a subtractive method of sculpting |
casting |
This group of Soviet artists created an entire art movement out of the process of assembling artworks |
Constructivists |
Objects found or already existing outside of the context of art, which are used as component parts in a work or to create an entire sculpture, are called |
readymades |
another name for freestanding sculpture is _____ |
in the round |
over time, exposure to the elements can add this surface coloration to metals. It can also be created with the use of chemical preparations |
Patina |
In freestanding sculpture, the artist entices the viewer to move around the work by creating a series of chaining _______ |
planes |
If an artist wanted to create a relief in which a tree appeared further away than a park bench more deeply (in high relief) would achieve this affect |
true |
all sculptures have this characteristic in common |
they exist in three-dimensional space |
which artist used an unconventional technique to "release" the figure; he felt that he was freeing the figure from the stone in which it had been trapped |
Michelangelo |
The Physical Immobility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, by Damien Hirst, is an example of the broad range of materials that can be used in a work of art. It presents a _____ suspended in tank of formaldehyde |
shark |
this artist took a urinal, turned it on its side, made some other slight alterations, and present it as an art object titled Fountain |
Marcel Duchamp |
The Temple of Amun-Re; an ancient Egyptian hypostyle hall built nearly 3,500 years ago, is still one of the largest religious structures in the world. It is located at _____ |
Karnak |
These windows are set high above the nave in order to allow light into large open areas, such as the interior of the Hagia Sophia |
Clerestory |
Vaults that have an exposed structural beam protruding from them for decorative purposes are called _____ |
Rib vaults |
This architectural construction method consists of two uprights and a crossbeam |
post-and-lintel |
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater cultivates an organic relationship between building and its location by: |
All of the other answers |
this is a ceiling based on the structural principles of the arch |
vault |
the Pont du Guard is a Roman construction used for conveying water, called ____ |
an aqueduct |
This style of architecture, which began in the 1980’s combine the hard rectangles of Modernism with unusual materials and stylistics features from the past |
Post modernism |
this style of medieval cathedral was based on the architecture of Rome |
Romanesque |
This type of arched span was fist used in ancient Babylon Mycenae |
Corbeled |
The visionary church leader Abbot Suger sought to intensify the spiritual experience of worshipers by revolutionizing church architecture. He was instrumental in establishing the architectural style known as _____ |
Gothic |
Architects consider this when designing a building |
All of these answers |
In order to create an interior space, an architect must design a distance between two supports called ____ |
a span |
This type o window was used in Gothic cathedrals to enhance the religious experience of the worshiper |
Stained-glass |
The ancient Romans perfected this type of arch and often used it in their architecture |
rounded |
The architect, who pioneered the use of steel in a architecture, is sometimes called the "father of Modernism" |
Louis Sullivan |
This building material is a mixture of cement and ground stone |
concrete |
the Great Pyramid of Khufu is an example of sophisticated engineering and construction |
load-bearing |
the Greek architect Kallikrates designed the Temple of Athena Nike using this style of column, named after a region in coastal Greece |
Ionic |
A room that uses numerous columns to support a flat ceiling is know as a ______ hall |
hypostyle |
This feature of Gothic architecture allowed the weight of the ceiling to be transferred awash from the walls so that larger windows could be built |
flying buttresses |
this type of arch was integrated into gothic architecture in order to help direct the worshiper’s gaze upward |
pointed |
this American artist created a large earthwork titled Spiral Jetty in the Great Salt Lake in Utah in 1969-70 |
Robert Smithson |
this earthwork, constructed by the prehistoric inhabitants of North America, is located in Ohio. |
Great Serpent Mound |
Michelangelo believed ____ to be the finest and most challenging of all the visual arts |
sculpture |
The frontispiece of the Liber Scivias shows Hildegard of Bingen _____. |
Receiving a vision from heaven |
The church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, is from this period. |
Byzantine |
The structure of Romanesque churches recalls architectural elements from ____ |
ancient Rome |
a floor plan of the Romanesque church of St. Sernin in Toulouse, Fance, resembles _____ |
a latin cross |
which of the following is used to represent the evangelist John in the west prorate of the Church of St. Trophime, built in the 12th century? |
an eagle |
In a latin cross-planned church, such as Chartres or St. Sernin, what is the shorter axis located near the east end of the church called? |
Transept |
Which term refers to part of a church doorway? |
all of the answers |
on which type of medieval architecture can spires be found |
Gothic |
What is one major difference between the figures in Cimabue’s Virgin and Child Enthroned and Giotto’s painting of the same name? |
Giotto’s creates a realistic space, while Cimabue focuses on the spiritual aspect |
The small pieces of glass that make up mosaics are called ______ |
Tesserae |
What is the period that followed the end of the Western roman Empire known as? |
middle ages |
What is the central space of a cathedral called? |
Nave |
Which two Gothic architectural innovations allowed cathedral walls to be built higher than before? |
Flying buttresses and rib vaults |
Which religion commonly used calligraphy in its art |
Muslims |
The visual appearance of Christ was similar to the appearance of pagan gods until which century |
5th CE |
In medieval churches, where is the scene of the Crucifixion of Christ depicted? |
East end |
The Dome of the Rock was built on a site scared to Jews, Christians, and Muslims |
True |
Which of the following is an element of a royal portal? |
Trueau |
In which area of the church were women, such as Theordora, allowed? |
courtyard |
Which roman emperor moved the center of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium? He later renamed it _____, but today it is known as ____, Turkey. |
Constantine I. Constantinople; Istanbul |
The earliest example of Christian art have been discovered in _____. |
Catacombs |
If you were to build a cathedral with a huge stained-glass window covering nearly an entire wall, you would use these architectural features to ensure the building’s structural stability. |
Flying buttresses |
What type of art decorated the interior walls of Dura Europos? |
Frescoes |
What is the medium used for the depiction of Theodora and Attendants in the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy? |
Mosaic |
define the term fresco |
a technique where the artists paints onto freshly applied plaster |
The Palace of Knossos, belonging to King Minos, supports the myth of a half-man, half-bull trapped in a labyrinth. The powerful Minos required the Athenians to send seven young men and severn young women each year to be given to this creature. What was the creature’s name? |
minotaur |
Which emperor aligned himself with both the pagan gods and Christianity? |
Constantine |
In which work of art is the figure portrayed in a "contrapposto" stance? |
Doryphoros of Polykleits |
Many theories surround the building of Stonehenge but most scholars believe Stonehenge, 106 feet in diameter an up to 20 feet tall, served as a giant _____ or ______. |
Observatory; calander |
Ancient Near Eastern ziggurats served as |
Temples and civic centers |
Which two architectural orders are visible at the Parthenon |
Doric and Ionic |
What achievements characterize the beginning of civilization |
all of the above |
This building material, perfected by the Romans, is a mixture of cement and ground stone |
concrete |
The Pont du Gaur is a Roman construction used for conveying water, called |
an aqueduct |
Mesopotamia means "the land between the river." Which rivers does this phrase reference? |
Tigris and Euphrates |
The Sumerian Standard of Ur, created between 2600 and 2400 BCE, is an example of which art form? |
inlay |
The Great Pyrimids at Giza are constructed of ____, and construction on this scale required great mathematical and engineering skill to ensure that such an enormous structure formed a perfectly ______ shape that would stand for thousands of years |
Stone; synnetrical |
The Colosseum in Rome is known for being: |
all of the other answers |
What do the Lamassi, the human-headed winged lions that protected Ashurnasial II’s represent? |
Both a and b |
The light-skinned figures in the Minoan fresco Bull-leapers are |
women |
Which civilization developed cuneiform? |
sumerians |
When was the painting at Lascaux of a bird-headed man made? |
Paleolithic times |
The Emperor Justinian I can be linked to which of the following major works of architecture? |
all of the previous answers |
The woman from Willendorf is made out of which medium? |
Limestone |
The small pieces of glass that make up mosaics are called _____ |
treserae |
The woman of Willendorf is quite small and was possibly used as a ____ _____- |
pregnancy charm |
all of the following are characteristics of Roman sculpture, except |
elder members of society were rarely depicted |
Menkaure and His Wife, Queen Khamerenbty was made by sculptors from which culture? |
Egyptain |
What does the following scene from the tomb of Nebamun, painted 1350 BCE, teach us about life in ancient Egypt? |
all of the above |
The Great Pyramid of Khufu is an an example of sophisticated engineering and construction |
load-bearing |
People who gathered at Stonehenge on the summer solstice would have seen; |
The sun rise over Heelstone |
what classical word means "Temple of all the Gods" |
Panthenon |
The panels of the sound box from lyre found in the Royal Cemetery of Ur are believed to show |
all of the answers |
Manuscripts in the Middle Ages were produced by hand and were the work of many artist, usually monks, who thought that the great effort required to create a manuscript was considered a tribute to God |
true |
Name the three religions of the Middle Ages. |
Judaism, Islam, and Christianity |
Which statement regarding the Lindisfarne Gospels is not true |
The pages were written in Middle English |
The process used to create the beaten-silver face of the twelfth-century reliquary of the Head of Saint Alexander is called __ |
Repousse |
Which of the following is a characteristic of Romanesque architecture? |
rounded arches |
art 2.9-3.2
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