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London Conference |
International economic conference on stabilizing currency that was sabotaged by FDR |
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Philippines |
Nation to which the U.S. promised independence in the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 |
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Good Neighbor Policy |
FDR’s repudiation of Theodore Roosevelt’s corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating his intention to work cooperatively with Latin American nations |
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Neutrality Acts |
A series of laws enacted by Congress in the mid-1930’s that attempted to prevent any American involvement in future overseas wars |
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Spanish Civil War |
Conflict between the rebel Fascist forces of General Francisco Franco and the Loyalist government that severely tested U. S. Neutrality legislation |
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Quarantine Speech |
Roosevelt’s 1937 speech that proposed strong U.S. measures against overseas aggressors |
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Munich Conference |
European diplomatic conference in 1938 where Britain and France conceded to Hitler’s demands for Czechoslovakia |
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Appeasement |
Term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands |
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Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies |
Leading U.S. group advocating American support for Britain in the the fight against Hitler |
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America First Committee |
Leading isolationist group advocating that America focus on continental defense and non-involvement with the European war |
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Lend-Lease Law |
Controversial 1941 law that made America the "arsenal of democracy" by providing supposedly temporary military material assistance to Britain |
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Soviet Union (Russia) |
Communist nation invaded by Hitler in June 1941 that was also aided by American lend-lease |
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Atlantic Charter |
U.S – British agreement of August 1941 to promote democracy and establish a new international organization for peace |
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Reuben James |
U.S. destroyer sunk by German submarines off the coast of Iceland in October 1941, with the loss of over a hundred men. |
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Pearl Harbor |
Major American Pacific naval base devastated in a surprise attack in December 1941 |
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Cordell Hull |
FDR’s secretary of state, who promoted reciprocal trade agreements, especially with Latin America |
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Adolf Hitler |
Fanatical Fascist leader of Germany whose aggressions forced the U.S. to abandon its neutrality |
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Benito Mussolini |
The lesser partner of the Rome-Berlin Axis who invaded Ethiopia and joined the war against France and Britain |
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Gerald Nye |
Instigator of 1934 Senate hearings that castigated WWI munitions manufacturers as "merchants of death" |
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Francisco Franco |
Fascist rebel against the Spanish Loyalist government |
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Ethiopia |
African nation invaded by an Italian dictator in 1935 |
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Czechoslovakia |
Small East European democracy betrayed into Hitler’s hands at Munich |
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Poland |
East European nation whose September 1939 invasion by Hitler set off WWII in Europe |
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France |
Nation whose sudden fall to Hitler in 1940 pushed the U.S. closer to direct aid to Britain |
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Charles A. Lindbergh |
One of the leaders of the "America First" organization and a chief spokesperson for U.S. isolationism. |
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Wendell Willkie |
Dynamic dark horse Republican presidential nominee who attacked FDR only on domestic policy |
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Winston Churchill |
Courageous prime minister who led Britain’s lonely resistance to Hitler |
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Joseph Stalin |
Russian dictator who first helped Hitler destroy Poland before becoming a victim of Nazi aggression in 1941 |
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Iceland |
North Atlantic nation near whose waters U.S. destroyers came under Nazi submarine attack |
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Hawaii |
Site of a naval base where Japan launched a devastating surprise attack on the U.S. |
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