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1) A common difference(s) between farms in an LDC (like Pakistan) vs. farms in an MDC (like the United States) that grow the same crop is
A) the amount of crop produced in a year
B) the importance of the crop to the farmer
C) the income derived from crops
D) A and B
E) A and C
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E
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2) The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is
A) whether the product is consumed on or off the farm.
B) whether crops are grown or animals are raised.
C) the location of the first agriculture.
D) the population density of the crop-producing region.
E) B and D
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A
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3) Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering?
A) All humans obtained their food this way before the invention of agriculture.
B) It is a form of nomadism.
C) This form of subsistence is still practiced.
D) Hunter gatherers live in small groups.
E) all of the above
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E
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4) Farming varies around the world because of ________ across space.
A) cultural and environmental factors
B) religious and economic factors
C) farmer personal preference and environmental factors
D) weather and climate
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A
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5) Hunting and gathering societies
A) include about 15 percent of the world’s people.
B) are found in isolated places in the world.
C) are characterized by large concentrations of people.
D) occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe.
E) are responsible for most of the environmental degradation of the planet.
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B
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6) The ________ and ________ of hunter and gatherer migration depended on the movement of game and the seasonal growth of plant
A) direction and frequency
B) speed and distance
C) direction and distance
D) speed and frequency
E) time and speed
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A
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7) An important agricultural hearth is
A) Southeast Asia.
B) South America.
C) Ethiopia.
D) northern China.
E) all of the above
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E
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8) The earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia
A) 10,000 years ago.
B) 100,000 years ago.
C) 1.1 million years ago.
D) 1,000 years ago.
E) 10 million years ago.
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A
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9) The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is
A) sawah.
B) seed agriculture.
C) subsistence agriculture.
D) vegetative planting.
E) plant hybridization.
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D
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10) Vegetative planting probably originated in
A) Southeast Asia.
B) Southwest Asia.
C) Ethiopia.
D) northern China.
E) all of the above
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A
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11) In the Eastern Hemisphere, seed agriculture probably originated in which of the following?
A) western India
B) northern China
C) Ethiopia
D) Southwest Asia
E) A, B, and C
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E
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12) The first group to integrate seed agriculture with domestication of herd animals was probably in
A) western India.
B) northern China.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Southwest Asia.
E) South America.
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D
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13) Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from
A) western India.
B) northern China.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Southwest Asia.
E) Southeast Asia.
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D
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14) Unique agricultural practices arise in particular regions because of
A) physical characteristics of the land.
B) limited knowledge of alternatives.
C) cultural preferences.
D) climate.
E) all of the above
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E
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15) Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into ________ agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture). ____ were classified as found in MDCs and ________ as found in LDCs.
A) 11; 6; 5
B) 12; 6; 6
C) 11; 5; 6
D) 6; 5; 1
E) none of the above
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A
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16) Which of the following has aided 20th century commercial farmers in MDCs?
A) transportation improvements
B) scientific advances
C) electronics
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
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D
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17) The decline in the number of farmers can best be described as a consequence of
A) push/pull economic factors.
B) urban sprawl.
C) climate change.
D) demographic transition.
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A
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18) The decline in the amount of farmland can best be described as a consequence of
A) push/pull economic factors.
B) urban sprawl.
C) climate change.
D) demographic transition.
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B
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19) Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture?
A) Mediterranean
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) intensive
E) All of the above are forms of subsistence agriculture.
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A
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20) Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?
A) Mediterranean
B) plantation
C) truck farming
D) commercial gardening
E) none of the above, these are all commercial agriculture.
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B
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21) Which is not a characteristic of shifting cultivation?
A) Land is cleared by slashing the vegetation.
B) Debris is burned to provide the soil with nutrients.
C) A new site is designated every few years.
D) Swiddens not under cultivation are used for fruit trees.
E) All of the above are characteristics.
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E
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22) Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region?
A) humid low-latitude
B) dry
C) warm mid-latitude
D) cold mid-latitude
E) undifferentiated Highlands.
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A
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23) Shifting cultivation is primarily practiced in climate region A, which is characterized by
A) high temperatures and abundant rainfall.
B) low temperatures and low rainfall.
C) low temperatures and abundant rainfall.
D) high temperatures and moderate rainfall.
E) moderate temperatures and abundant rainfall.
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A
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24) Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of the world’s land area?
A) dairying
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) intensive subsistence
E) livestock ranching
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B
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25) Farmland preservationists traditionally define prime farmland based only on
A) soil quality.
B) proximity to market.
C) dry harvest climate.
D) habitat for endangered species.
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A
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26) Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world’s people?
A) hunting and gathering
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) intensive subsistence
E) plantation
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D
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27) Defenders of shifting cultivation say it is the best approach for the tropics because
A) permanently clearing fields and using fertilizers will destroy tropical soils.
B) shifting cultivation destroys less tropical rain forest than permanently clearing the land.
C) shifting cultivation is part of the cultural diversity of folk customs in the tropics.
D) it requires a lot of land to feed a small number of people.
E) A, B, and C
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E
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28) Only about 15 million people are nomads, but they sparsely occupy
A) 20 percent of the earth’s land area.
B) 10 percent of the earth’s land area.
C) most of the tropical regions of the earth.
D) most of the islands of the south Pacific.
E) 50 percent of the undifferentiated highlands.
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A
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29) The largest proportion of farmers in Asia practice
A) hunting and gathering.
B) intensive subsistence.
C) pastoral nomadism.
D) shifting cultivation.
E) plantation agriculture.
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B
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30) Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by which of the following?
A) smaller farms
B) higher agricultural density
C) greater use of animal power
D) more diversified cropping
E) all of the above
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E
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31) Asian agriculture is characterized by shortages of all but which of the following?
A) equipment
B) funds
C) labor
D) land
E) C and D
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C
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32) Intensive wet rice farming is the dominant type of agriculture in
A) Southeast China.
B) East India.
C) most of Southeast Asia.
D) A and B
E) all of the above.
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E
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33) Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?
A) preparing fields with a plow drawn by oxen
B) flooding the plowed field with water
C) growing seedlings in a nursery
D) transplanting seedlings into the flooded field
E) all of the above
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E
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34) The most important reason why most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice is
A) cultural preference.
B) tradition.
C) climate.
D) soil.
E) harvesting wet rice requires expensive machinery.
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C
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35) Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in which climate region?
A) humid low-latitude
B) dry
C) warm mid-latitude
D) cold mid-latitude
E) polar
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B
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36) Pastoral nomads
A) are expanding their territory in North Africa and the Middle East.
B) occupy only their own territory, moving with the seasons to find forage and water.
C) occupy different territory each year to find forage and water.
D) consume mostly meat, rather than grain.
E) prefer sheep to goats because sheep require less water and will forage on virtually any vegetation.
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A
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37) The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is
A) pastoral nomadism.
B) shifting cultivation.
C) transhumance.
D) practiced mostly in the tropics.
E) livestock ranching.
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C
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38) To increase crop yields, farmers in South China commonly practice
A) double cropping.
B) transhumance.
C) threshing.
D) pastoral nomadism.
E) shifting cultivation.
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A
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39) Commercial agriculture is distinguished from subsistence agriculture by all but which of the following?
A) low percentage of farmers in the labor force
B) farm size
C) heavy use of machinery
D) output consumed on the farm
E) surplus production
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D
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40) Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in Europe?
A) mixed crop and livestock farming
B) dairy farming
C) grain farming
D) livestock ranching
E) mediterranean agriculture
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A
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41) Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to
A) distribute the workload of the crops and livestock evenly throughout the year.
B) generate 3/4ths of their income from the sale of livestock.
C) create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.
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C
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42) After corn, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is
A) wheat.
B) soybeans.
C) barley.
D) fruits and vegetables.
E) sugar beets.
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B
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43) In the winter wheat area, the crop is planted in
A) autumn and harvested in summer.
B) winter and harvested in spring.
C) winter and harvested in autumn.
D) spring and harvested in summer.
E) spring and harvested in autumn.
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A
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44) In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as
A) agribusiness.
B) commercial farming.
C) food processing.
D) mechanized farming.
E) mixed crop and livestock farming.
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A
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45) Ranching has declined in the southwestern United States primarily because
A) crops yield more income per area.
B) the predominant breed of cattle has changed.
C) long-distance cattle drives are no longer practical.
D) the region lacks adequate water supplies.
E) export tariffs on beef.
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A
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46) Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture?
A) dairying
B) grain
C) pastoral nomadism
D) shifting cultivation
E) Mediterranean agriculture
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C
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47) The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar
A) climate.
B) cultural beliefs.
C) broad expanses of flat land along sea coasts.
D) social customs.
E) levels of livestock production with the mixed crop and livestock regions.
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A
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48) Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture?
A) butter
B) fruits
C) grapes
D) olives
E) cereals
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A
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49) The predominant form of agriculture in the U.S. Southeast is
A) mixed crop and livestock.
B) dairy farming.
C) Mediterranean agriculture.
D) commercial gardening.
E) plantation farming.
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D
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50) Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture, plantations are
A) part of agribusiness.
B) owned by people in less developed countries.
C) found primarily in less developed countries.
D) situated in densely populated locations.
E) all of the above
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C
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51) What is the purpose of crop rotation?
A) maintaining fresh products for market
B) maintaining price supports
C) maintaining the fertility of fields
D) responding to shifting consumer preference
E) reducing transportation costs
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C
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52) A principal practice of sustainable agriculture is
A) sensitive land management.
B) limited use of chemicals.
C) better integration of crops and livestock.
D) use of pesticide resistant seed.
E) A, B, and C
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E
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53) ________ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm.
A) von Thünen’s
B) Whittlesey’s
C) Iqbel’s
D) McKinley’s
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A
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54) The primary factor in von Thünen’s model for choosing commercial farm products is
A) land price.
B) market location.
C) climate.
D) soil character.
E) labor cost.
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B
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55) Genetically modified crops have
A) higher yields.
B) greater resistance to climate change.
C) more resistance to pests.
D) all of the above
E) A and C
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E
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56) Von Thünen’s model can best be used to explain the location of which of the following types of agriculture?
A) dairying in the Northeast United States
B) ranching in the dry lands of North Africa
C) shifting cultivation in the tropics of South America
D) intensive subsistence in South China
E) mediterranean agriculture in central Chile
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A
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57) According to the von Thünen model, timber production was located in the second ring from the city because of what factor?
A) labor intense harvesting methods
B) perishability
C) need for a vast area
D) product weight
E) delivery time
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D
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58) The farther a dairy farm is from a large urban area the lower the percentage of output devoted to fresh milk. This occurs primarily because
A) land costs are lower farther from the urban area.
B) processed milk is less perishable.
C) transport costs are greater farther from the urban area.
D) the quality of soil is lower near an urban area.
E) rural populations drink less milk per capita than urban dwellers.
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B
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59) Which of the following is not a strategy for increasing food supply?
A) expanding arable land area
B) increasing land productivity
C) identifying new food sources
D) increasing tariffs on grain exports
E) increasing exports of surplus production
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D
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60) Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the following problems?
A) access to fertilizers
B) inadequate income
C) lack of equipment
D) surplus production
E) declining market demand
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B
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61) Less developed countries generate funds to promote development through
A) bartering with urban residents.
B) encouraging traditional subsistence agriculture.
C) feeding the rapidly growing population.
D) selling export crops.
E) adopting shifting cultivation.
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D
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62) Farmers in LDCs choose to grow drug crops for export
A) based on their market value in MDCs.
B) based on their proximity to market.
C) depending on whether or not they can grow corn.
D) depending on whether there are any users in their own country.
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A
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