The lesson Frederick Douglass learned on how to survive slavery was to: A) pretend that nothing bad was happening. |
D |
The most recent historical interpretations of slavery have viewed the institution: A) as uniformly cruel and oppressive. |
E |
The majority of white Southerners in antebellum America owned: A) more than 20 slaves. |
E |
The invention of the cotton gin in 1793: A) slowed expansion into the Southwest. |
B |
From 1815 to 1860, southern production of cotton: A) represented more than half of all American exports. |
A |
Laws to control the domestic slave trade were: A) regulated by the British navy. |
D |
Southerners migrated southwestward in huge numbers between 1830 and 1860, seeking new lands for the: A) diversification of agriculture. |
B |
The majority of slaves were engaged in: A) domestic service. |
E |
The Tredegar Iron Company of Richmond decided in 1847 to shift from white to slave labor to: A) show their solidarity with other white slave owners. |
D |
White artisans in the South viewed black workers as: A) potential colleagues. |
C |
The typical slaveholder owned: A) more than 50 slaves. |
C |
Most whites in the antebellum South: A) avoided the social stigma of slaveholding. |
C |
Sociologist George Fitzhugh argued that southern black slaves: A) should be gradually amalgamated with the white race. |
B |
Wealthy southern planters justified slavery in terms of white superiority because such a defense: A) reflected their blind racism. |
C |
Slave spirituals reiterated one basic Christian theme: A) do unto others as you would have them do unto you. |
B |
In the slave folktales, Brer Rabbit: A) falls victim because of his weak and careless nature. |
D |
The slave conspiracies of Gabriel Prosser in 1800 and Denmark Vesey in 1822 were both thwarted by: A) spies planted among the slaves. |
C |
The free black population of the United States increased from 1820 to 1860 because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT the: A) continuing immigration of blacks from Africa. |
A |
Many slaveholders urged their slaves to attend church because it: A) improved the intelligence and morals of the slaves. |
B |
Free African Americans were likely to: A) be women and children. |
D |
Following the convergence of Nat Turner’s revolt and William Lloyd Garrison’s publication of the abolitionist Liberator in 1831: A) masters had less fear of slave revolts. |
B |
Slavery inhibited the economic growth of the South because of the slaveholders’: A) high maintenance costs. |
E |
For southern white women, Mary Boykin Chesnut regarded "the sorest spot" of slavery as the: A) breaking up of slave families. |
B |
The yeoman farmers of the South: A) formed a small portion of the population. |
B |
what 5 things did the exportation of cotton depend on |
technology (cotton gin), labor, demand, land, global trade system |
true or false: latin american slavery was also depended on by the europeans |
true |
_______ was to latin america as cotton was to the united states |
sugar |
what was migration south and west pulled by |
prospect of fresh land, cheap labor, and deteriorating economic conditions |
where were slaves mainly found |
plantations (but could also be found in most other aspects of southern economy) |
ohio vs kentucky: what was ohio like |
-high population -labor honored -order -hard workers (to become wealthy!!!) -energetic |
ohio vs kentucky: what was kentucky like |
-old/ancient (like past) -labor devalued -messy -many don’t work -want pleasure and superiority (not $) |
why was it hard to move up the ranks in the south |
there was very little of a middle class |
why did "poor whites" in the south tend to not care about their conditions |
because they were not slaves (they were FOR slavery) |
why were white male southerners violent |
militaristic; proving tough and in control |
what were effects on the south from slavery (5) |
-threatens immigrants -dehumanizes common labor -keeps poor white southerners in a rationalized poverty -forces development and maintenance of irrational hierarchy -forces maintenance of military society |
what were the 6 different arguments slavery supporters used |
-biblical -historical (greece and rome) -legal (constitution) -pseudoscientific (supposed racial inferiority) -sociological (slaves as children) -economic (slaves better than factory workers) |
what were the plantation mistress’ jobs (3) |
-tame husbands excess cruelty -beautify their parlors -tend food, clothes, and health |
what was the task system like for slaves |
(slaves preferred) each with a specific task daily |
what did house slaves do |
(easier assignments) help with harvest, ate/dressed better |
what were disadvantages of being a house slave (2) |
close supervision and sexual assault common |
what were some issues caused for slaves from their poor diet |
skin disorders, sore eyes, mental illness, vitamin deficiency diseases |
true or false: most slaves were highly susceptible to epidemics |
true (malaria, yellow fever, cholera) |
what was the worst trauma for slaves |
separation of families |
what was religion like for slaves |
most christian, with some mix of african american and islam (a lot of methodist and baptist) |
true or false: for a slaveholder, religion was a form of social control |
true |
what did having a family give to a slave |
love, support, protection, education |
what did slave parents pass to their kids |
family history, music, language |
what were things slaves did as day to day resistance |
breaking tools, self harm, illness, stealing food |
who were black drivers |
african american overseers of slaves |
what was tough about a black drivers job |
had to get master’s work done without alienating fellow slaves |
what were ways women slaves rebelled |
messed up master’s meals, faked illnesses and cramps |
who was a typical slave runaway |
male, alone |
communities of runaway slaves were called… |
maroons |
why did the number of free slaves double from 1820-1860 |
from natural increase of runaways, and those who bought their freedom |
true or false: most free slaves made a good living |
false, they were commonly poor |
what were some rights free slaves did not have |
could’t bear arms, vote, buy alcohol |
what were four cities that african americans formed vibrant communities |
richmond, charelston, baltimore, new orleans |
for free blacks, ______ was the center of the community |
church |
pre cotton gin, slavery was known as… |
a necessary evil |
post cotton gin, slavery was known as… |
a positive good |
true or false: with the under ground railroad, many of the owners of the safe houses were white |
false, mostly free blacks |
what were the people helping slaves called |
conductors |
true or false: the under ground railroad was a relatively violent confrontation of slave owners that was operated in semi-privacy and was most orchestrated by free blacks |
true |
agency |
action or intervention, especially such as to produce a particular effect |
when did slaves have no agency |
-government -closely watched -family -job -master -diet -marriage |
when did slaves have agency |
-religion -family stories/things passed down |
what were forms of resistance by slaves |
-breaking tools -self harm -fake illness -runaway -petition congress or state legislature -harm overseers |
what were forms of rebellion by slaves |
-typically young males -often massacre of whites |
who created the only successful slave rebellion in US |
nat turner |
what did nat turner believe and what did he do |
believed he was chosen to free slaves; murdered slaveholders families (eventually hanged) |
what was the liberator and who created it |
william loyd garrison; for abolition of slavery |
what did southerners do to calm nat turner fear |
said he died with copy of liberator to make it seem like he didn’t think of the idea for a rebellion |
who learned to endure slavery by understanding and outwitting his oppressors |
fredrick douglass |
from 1815 to 1830, what constituted more than half of all US exports |
cotton |
what northern abolitionist published the liberator and demanded an immediate end to slavery |
william lloyd garrison |
despite not owning spaces, what group in the south saw slaveowning as a path to upward economic mobility |
poor whites |
an escaped slave who became the famous conductor of the underground railroad leading some 300 slaves out of the south on 19 separate trips |
harriet tubman |
who led the only temporary successful slave rebellion in american history |
nat turner |
most free african americans in the south lived where |
cities in the upper south |
one of the buddies domestic slave trading routes began in alexandria, VA and ended in _______, mississippi |
natchez |
perhaps no issue in american history has generated quite as much controversy or as many interpretations as ______, the "peculiar institution" |
slavery |
in slaves folktales, the clever ______ usually outwitted the more powerful brer fox or brer wolf, thus reversing the roles of oppressed and oppressor |
brer rabbit |
this slave was the leader of an extensively planned but ultimately unsuccessful slave revolt in charleston SC in 1822 |
denmark vesey |
slave who organized an unsuccessful revolt in VA in 1800 |
gabriel prosser |
enlightened and talented rice planter and later governor of SC, viewed tasks of slaveholding as both a duty and a burden |
robert francis allston |
AP US Chapter 11
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