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Repression |
banishes anxiety- arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness |
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Regression |
leads an individual faced with anxiety to retreat to a more infantile psychosexual stage |
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Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory |
rests on the repression of painful experiences into the unconscious mind |
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Freud on personality |
It arises as a result of conflicts between social restraints against our biological impulses |
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Oral Stage |
0-18 months Pleasure centers on the mouth |
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Anal |
18-36 months Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control |
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Phalic |
3-6 yrs Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings |
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Latency |
6-puberty Dormant sexual feelings |
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Genital |
Pubery Maturation of sexual interest |
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The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective. |
Psychoanalytic |
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Jaydon doesn’t realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a: |
weak ego |
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Freud suggested that adults with a passive and submissive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of: |
an oral fixation |
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Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: |
reaction formation |
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In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test. |
Projective |
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Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others’ opinions illustrate: |
Self-Actualization |
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Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of: |
a positive self-concept |
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Which personality test classifies people in terms of the personality dimensions highlighted by Carl Jung? |
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator |
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Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait? |
Factor analysis |
|
During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark’s amazement at the psychic’s apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates: |
The Barnum effect |
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One of the Big Five personality factors is: |
agreeableness |
|
Sarah’s optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates: |
reciprocal determinism |
|
Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates |
an external locus of control |
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Although she is intelligent and a good athlete, Abigail believes that her low grades in school and losing the quarter-mile race are reflections of her own intellectual and athletic incompetence. Her conclusions best illustrate: |
a pessimistic attributional style |
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When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates: |
the spotlight effect |
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Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of |
unconscious processes |
|
Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n): |
weak superego |
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According to Freud, fixation refers to a difficulty in the process of: |
psychosexual development |
|
Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work, so she is critical of her children instead. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie’s reaction to her children illustrates: |
displacement |
|
Children who have witnessed a parent’s murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud’s concept of: |
repression |
|
According to terror-management theory, people enhance their self-esteem in order to defend themselves from fear of their own: |
death |
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Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development? |
Rogers |
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The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of: |
individualism |
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A "lie scale" that assesses the extent to which a person is faking to make a good impression is included in the: |
MMPI |
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The stability of personality during adulthood best illustrates the value of: |
the trait perspective |
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Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive perspective highlights the importance of: |
reciprocal determinism |
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Researchers attempt to understand personality using biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. The psychological level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize the importance of: |
attributional style |
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After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates: |
learned helplessness |
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Students perceive themselves as less likely than the average classmate to develop drinking problems or drop out of school. This best illustrates: |
unrealistic optimism |
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Card players who attribute their wins to their own skills and their losses to bad luck best illustrate: |
self-serving bias |
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Personality |
your characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, acting |
|
Psychoanalysis |
a technique for exposing and interpreting unconscious tensions |
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Free association |
saying what comes to mind to explor the unconscious |
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Unconscious |
origin of mostly undesirable thoughts, feelings |
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Id |
source of unconscious psychic energy, operates on the pleasure principle |
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Ego |
mediates bet. Id and superego, operates on the reality principle |
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Superego |
represents interanl ideals; standards for judging |
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Oedipus complex |
boy desires mother; jealous feelings toward father (phallic stage) |
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Identification |
Incorporating your parents’ values into your superego |
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Fixate |
Focusing energies at an earlier stage where you have unresolved conflict |
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Gender Identity |
one’s sense of being a male or female |
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Defense Mechanisms |
used by ego for reducing anxiety by distorting reality |
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Reaction Formation |
you express feelings opposite to your anxiety producing unconscious feelings |
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Projection |
disguising your impulses by projecting onto others |
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Reationalization |
offering self-justifying explanations so the real, threatening ones aren’t exposed |
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Displacement |
shifting aggressive or sexual impulses toward a less threatening object or person |
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Sublimation |
the ego uncounsciously protects itself by expressing impulses through socially acceptable activites |
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Projective Test |
gives you ambiguous stimuli toward which to project your inner dynamics |
|
TAT |
a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguoous scenes |
|
Rorschach inkblots |
10 blots identify your inner feelings by analyzing your interpretations |
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