Anthro Ch. 9

grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees such as:

Primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and small animals

The visual predation hypothesis proposes that:

Certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that:

plesiadapiforms

Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were

pro primates

Plesiadapiforms are also called:

first true primates

Euprimates represent the:

Corpolestes

Which genus is considered the ancestor to adapts and omomyids?

Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.

Basal anthropoids are:

Oligopithecus, Apidium, and Aegyptopithecus

The fayum desert has yielded fossils of these three primates:

propliopithecus and Aegyptopithecus

Two genera of propliopithecids include:

Platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated across the Atlantic to South America.

The best accepted hypothesis for the dispersal of African monkeys to the New World is:

leaves, nuts, and fruits

Comparisons of tooth wear in living apes and extinct Miocene apes suggest that some extinct species of apes ate:

Gigantopithecus and Sivapithecus

Which two genera may be the ancestor to the orangutan?

Stood ten feet tall and weighed 660 pounds

Gigantopithecus

Common ancestor of Africa apes and hominins

Chororapithecus is considered the:

move from Europe back to Africa following food sources

Canadian primate paleontologist David Begun proposes that climate changes in Europe prompted late Miocene apes to:

Europe and Asia

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued into:

adaptive radiation

Monkeys underwent massive______ in the Pliocene and Pleistocene

a Y-5 molar pattern, low rounded cusps, large canines, and a diastema

Like that of Dryopithecus, a modern gorilla mandible has:

17mya

Apes first appear in Europe and Asia from about:

biologically diverse

A species that is adapted to a wide range of environments, climates, and diets is:

Eosimias

The similarity of the foot bones between_____ and the living anthropoids make it the likely first true primate.

Adaptive radiation of Europrimtes

A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world, resulting in the:

adapts and omomyids

Which Eocene organisms had clear primate characteristics like a postorbital bar, opposable thumbs, nails, and a large brain?

anthropoid

The Calcaneus (heel bone) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive:

orangutan

Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?

Apes

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?

Climate change

Apess went extinct in Southern Europe (including France, Spain, Italy, and Greece) during the late Miocene, probably as a result of:

a Y-5 Molar pattern

The most distinctive feature of ape detention, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:

Ouranopithecus

Which of the following apes has been proposed as the last common ancestor of living African apes and humans?

25 mya

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around:

anthropoids

Which fossil group is characterized by an eye orbit fully enclosed by bone?

diastema

The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a:

Large eye orbits

Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species?

Aegyptopithecus

The most likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is:

differences in ability to exploit the habitats that resulted after a change in global climate

The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of: