ANT3520 final

module 1

…

which of the following components are assessed or determined by forensic anthropologists

sex, ancestry, age

the application of biological anthropology to the mediolegal issues

forensic anthropology

Which of these is NOT a primary subfield of anthropology

forensic anthropology

who is the father of forensic anthropology

thomas dwight

formative period

1849-1938

Consolidation period

1939-1971

modern period

1972-1999

new millenium

2000-present

which of these is not a seminal, early forensic anthropologist

kathy reichs

the establishment of the american board of forensic anthropology (ABFA)

an event of the modern period

in what instance would a forensic anthropologist analyze historical remains

the case has forensic merit

what is the major problem with the hamann-todd and terry skeletal collections

they are not representative of the entire US population

Biological Anthropology

aka physical anthropology played an unfortunate role in the development of early racial typologies is interested in the full extent of human variability has its earliest origins in the 15th century age of discovery

module 2 medicolegal system

…

lead, board certified forensic pathologist, appointed by the state governor in florida and other states

chief medical examiner

expert who assists medical examiner in identification based on dental records

forensic odontologist

elected official responsible for death investigations of individuals not under the care of a physician at time of death who is usually charged with death investigation located in rural areas and consults with pathologist if an autopsy needs to be performed

coroner

expert who assists medical examiner in the use of plant material for death investigation

forensic botanist

expert who assists medical examiner in recovery of human remains, assessing trauma in skeletonized or badly decomposed remains, and determining the biological profile

forensic anthropologist

assists medical examiner in death investigation and in corresponding with law enforcement and family members; responsible for human remains and associate evidence

medicolegal death investigator

expert who assist medical examiner in the use of insects for death investigation

forensic entomologist

licensed physician with training in forensic pathology who performs autopsy, determines cause and manner of death, and issues death certificate for individuals not under the care of a physician at time of death

medical examiner

assists medical examiner during autopsy

autopsy tehnician

assists medical examiner by collecting material evidence at the scene

law enforcement officer

module 2

…

which of the following experts consult with medical examiners on forensic cases

law enforcement, anthropologists, odontologists, DNA specialists

which of the following would be least likely to initiate a medicolegal investigation

the death of an elderly patient in a nursing home

the 2 types of autopsies that can be conducted are

clinical and forensic

medical examiners

are licensed physicians

the coroner system as we know it originated in

england

autopsies are performed when

there is an unnatural death a prisoner dies the family asks for it to collecte evidence

which of these is a cause of death

gunshot wound to the head

One Saturday night after a Gator’s football game, George walks into The Salty Dog Saloon and gets into an altercation with Steve, an inebriated student. Steve hits George over the head with a barstool and they are both kicked out of the bar. George seems to be fine but two months later goes into the emergency room for intense pain in his head. He has internal bleeding in his skull. He dies two hours later.

the manner of death is homicide

which of the following statements is false concerning forensic pathologists

forensic pathologists are always elected officials

within the medicolegal system, the roles of a forensic anthropologist could include

aiding in the recovery of human remains and analyzing traumatic injuries to bone

module 3

…

maps of a crime scene

show the locations of bones and other evidence

why is a grid system often used in field recoveries

when site is visualized as a grid, its easy to keep track of where evidence came from each square of the grid can be carefully excavated independently of the others grid systems tie in well with datum points

control over and care for the evidence recovered at a crime scene begins when

evidence is discovered

remote sensing is a type of

noninvasive search technique

locating a clandestine burial can be done using

ground penetrating radar the observation of vegetation changes cadaver dogs field searching in a line

which of the following are invasive search methods

soil probing digging test pits digging test trenches

why is screening an important part of the recovery of human remains

it allows us to collect small bones that may have been missed

what is the corpus delicti

the primary evidence that a crime has been committed

a theodolite is

used to determine the distance of an item of evidence from datum

which of these is false

law enforcement personnel are usually extensively trained to do archaeological recoveries

module 4

…

why do forensic anthropologists do peer reviews

as a means of quality assurance to double check analyses and reports

the surety portion of the sop involves all of the following portions excpet

taphonomy

in the cleaning of remains, plastic tools are used because

they prevent damage to the remains

skeletal analysis at the CAPHIL includes

inventory, photography and radiography, biological profile estimation

a portion of the guiding principle of quality assurance states

write what you do, do what you write

which of the following forms are used in forensic anthropological lab analysis

skeletal inventory form, trauma form, forms for the biological profile

taphonomy and trauma forms are examples

of open forms because there are no specified methods on the form itself

accession

is all about controlling the evidence (tracking custody)

the four topics covered in this module include all of the following except

recovery

the processing form contains the following tasks

maceration, case labeling, biological profile

module 5

…

the settling of the blood in a body after death is known as

livor mortis

which of the following is evidence of shark predation/scavenging

parallel incised bone gouges, punctures, compression fractures

bone that appears greenish in color can result from

algae staining and copper staining

soil staining can reveal

original position of the remains, type of soil, if the remains have been moved, differential preservation environments

which of these can help differentiate between carnivore and rodent gnawing

presence of punctures and parallel striae

shark predation of human remains is more common than shark scavenging of remains

false

after 24 hours after death the medical examiner and her consultants may look at ______ to determine time since death?

entomology, botany, taphonomy, decomposition

Santeria and Palo Mayombe

are a combo of catholocism/christianity and traditional african religions

locard’s exchange principle states that

every contact leaves a trace

carnivores are known for

scattering remains long distance, breaking remains, ingesting remains

module 6

…

metric approaches rely on

standardized measurements

it is important to establish ____ standards for metric methods of analysis because of population differences

regional

knee bone is

patella

the sagittal suture lines in the

skull midline

the bones of the leg include

tibia, fibula, femur

problems or potential problems with the use of FORDISC include which of the following

understanding advanced underlying stats, limited number of reference populations, small reference population

the clavicle is ____ the the patella

superior

the mandible is ___ to the cranium

inferior

the human vertebral column cannot be characterized by

ribs that articulate only with the cervical vertebrae

module 7

…

why might a large female be at a disadvantage (as compared to a smaller female)

gestation and lactation require a large amount of energy

Which of the following statements is true?

it is very unlikely for any given female to have all expected feminine traits

in primates sexual selection may favor all of the following except

long feathers

What is sexual dimorphism?

physical differences between males and females of the same species

the determination of sex from the skeleton is performed using what/which method

visual and metric assessments

A pelvis shows the following features: wide sciatic notches, a wide, "U-shaped" subpubic angle, and long, rectangular-shaped pubic bones. In your report, you would most likely conclude the sex of the individual is

female

the pelvis is the best place to assess

sex

the average difference in size between male and female humans is

15%

differences in the pelvis between human males and females are primarily due to

the need to accommodate for childbirth

the ____ is the second best area to look when determining sex

skull

module 8

…

during which life stage is age most accurately estimated

childhood

a pubic symphysis with no ridges and furrows, rim erosion, and a pitted or porous face is typical of which age group

older adults

the fusion of epiphyses occurs

between 10-20 years of age

which of the following methods would give the most accurate and precise age estimate in subadult remains

dental development

the rule of thumb for estimating fetal development from crown-to-heel length measurements is known as

haase’s rule

age estimation in subadults can be performed using all of the following indicators except

pubic symphysis

you can age a _____ but you cant sex him/her, you can sex a ____ but cant age them

child, adult

technique of subadult age estimation are based on multiple ___ processes

developmental

of these joints which fuses first

the elbow

which of the following is not one of the aspects of age estimation

craniometry

module 11

…

the SMDA deals with what types of materials

orthopedic implants

which of these is an example of a skeletal anomaly/idiosyncratic human variation?

transitional vertebra

what is the difference between presumptive and positive identification

Presumptive identification is based on evidence that can potentially describe more than one person, while positive identification is based on evidence that can only describe one person

identification of unidentified skeletal remains does not rely on which of the following

visual identification

which of the following is an example of a biological identifier

healed antemortem fracture, sternal foramen, pathological condition in the remains, dental restorations

Unique life history markers include all of the following except

ancestry

what is the reason for the identification of the dead

prosecution of offenders, emotional peace, probate and other social institutions

which of the following show dr. falsetti that on of the individuals in the anastasia film was female

the sciatic notch

which of the following was suspected of preventing the death of anastasia romanov after she was shot

jewels sewn into her clothes acted as a bullet proof vest

what did the dna analysis of the purported romanov remains demonstrate

alexi and one of his sisters was present in the grave excavated in 2007

module 11

…

which of the following statements is true of photo/video superimposition

it is a presumptive and exclusionary line of evidence

which of the following can affect the accuracy of facial approximations

whether the ancestral population of the decedent is known, whether the forensic art has knowledge of human anatomy, whether accurate tissue depths are available

which of the following facial feature is used by forensic artists estimate the length of the nose

interior nasal spine

what is the most accurate way to collect facial soft tissue depth data

ultrasound on living, upright individuals

the artistic reproduction of the soft tissue features of an individual is called

facial reproduction and facial approximation

two dimensional facial reconstruction

can be used to depict facial features described in witness testimonies

which of the following is not a problem with facial approximation

all of the above are problems

according to the artist in the forensic file video which part of the body was hardest to approximate

nose, ears

to create a facial reconstruction, the forensic artist needs to know

biological profile info

why is forensic facial reconstruction something of a misnomer

forensic artists can never perfectly reconstruct antemortem facial features, only approximate them

module 13

…

when a bullet of projectile passes through the body it creates

temporary cavity and permanent wound track

which of the following is true concerning plastic deformation

it is the result of slow loading forces

which of the following statements is true

blunt force trauma can result in radiating and concentric fractures and it is not easy to determine the implement used in blunt force trauma

which of the following is typical of a gunshot wound to the sternum

the entrance wound is circular, beveling present on exit wound, bone fragments were displaced

in blunt force trauma, the termination of one fracture into another can tell you

sequence

the ____ of gunshot wounds can provide evidence of the type of weapon used and the events leading to death

location, number, size

characteristics of antemortem trauma may include

evidence of vital tissue reaction and surgical intervention

saw marks can be found on the skeleton when

the assailant is trying to move the body in smaller portions or trying to cover up the crime

in a gunshot wound the exit is characterized by

external beveling and larger size than entrance wound

as applied to commercial cremations locards principle tells us that

some degree of commingling among cases is inevitable

burned bone can shrink up to

25%

which of the following is not helpful to the death investigator compiling a life history

decedent’s last meal

which of the following is least likely to have an effect on the chemical composition of cremated bone

living stature

which of the following fractures are typical of heat damage

cup shaped transverse

which of the following fracture types would you expect to see in a living individual but not in bone that has been exposed to fire

spiral

the crucial first step in the investigation of fire related deaths is

recovery of the remains

which of the following have been correlated with cremation weight

body weight, sex, stature, age

which of the following is not a category of cremation artifact

commercial

of the following colors which represents the longest exposure to fire in bone

white

what skill is a forensic anthropologist most likely to bring to mass disaster response that other specialists may lack

the ability to identify burned and fragmented human remains

anthropologists were vital after the 9/11 attacks because they

provided expertise in fragmentary remains

which of the following statements is true of mass disaster response

they often involve the use of multi disciplinary teams

commingled describes remains that are

from more than one individual but found in association

in a mass fatality incident the job of the forensic anthropologist is to

aid in identifying individuals

mass fatality incidents differ from normal casework because

they usually entail remains from a closed population

types of mass disasters and mass fatality events include

natural disasters and man made atrocities

most cases examined by forensic anthropologists are individual victims of homicide, and therefore come from what type of population

open

the process of deciding which remains in a mass disaster have the most likelihood of resulting in a personal identification is known as what

triage

which of the following were characteristics of the hurricane katrina disaster response

all of the above

victims of human rights violations include victimes of

war crimes, genocide, terrorism, guatemalan military and civil patrols

which of the following professional and ethical questions continue to plague the anthropological investigation of human rights violations

should we train local groups to conduct their own investigations and who owns the remains of human rights victims

which of the following specialists have recently been included in investigations of crimes against humanity

cultural anthropologists and language area specialists

all of the following are recent improvements to human rights missions except

inclusion of specialized ordnance detection and removal teams

the forensic anthropologists at JPAC have 2 key roles

field recovery and lab analysis

the largest number of unaccounted for personnel are from which conflict

ww2

which of these is not a role of forensic anthropologists in human rights work

allocating money for surviving families

which of the following is a section within the AAFS

physical anthropology, engineering sciences, toxicology

which of the following is a difficulty in the identification process in human rights missions

all of the above

the process of military identifications involves 3 stages which is not one of them

repatriation