What is the normal range for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood? |
35 - 45 mm Hg |
Hyperventilation can result in _______. |
too little carbon dioxide in the blood |
Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a blood pH _______. |
greater than 7.45 |
Why was the breath held after the second hyperventilation? |
to retain carbon dioxide |
Which of the following is NOT one of the body's physiological chemical buffering systems? |
hydrochloride |
Which of the following has the greatest capacity for pH change in the body? |
renal system |
Respiratory alkalosis is a result of _______. |
too little carbon dioxide in the blood |
Hyperventilation is defined as _______. |
an increase in the rate and depth of breathing |
Respiratory acidosis can be a result of _______. |
asthma |
Which of the following occurred during rebreathing? |
carbon dioxide increased |
Respiratory acidosis can be compensated for by _______. |
the kidneys |
Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and blood pH are _______. |
inversely proportional to each other |
The formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide is catalyzed by _______. |
carbonic anhydrase |
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood can be the result of _______. |
emphysema |
Why does rebreathing simulate hypoventilation? |
Carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood with either |
Respiratory acidosis is a result of _______. |
an increase in the H+ in the blood |
The kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis by _______. |
conserving H+ and excreting bicarbonate ion |
In uncompensated respiratory acidosis, the _______. |
carbon dioxide levels of the blood are elevated |
When the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was decreased, what changes occurred in the urine? |
H+ in the urine decreased and bicarbonate ion increased in the urine. |
At which partial pressure of carbon dioxide did respiratory acidosis occur? |
60 mm Hg |
How do the kidneys compensate for acid-base imbalances? |
all of the above |
Which of the following have the same effect on plasma pH? |
reabsorption of bicarbonate and excretion of H+ |
The movement of fluid and solutes from the peritubular capillary to the renal tubule is referred to as _______. |
tubular secretion |
The nephron is responsible for maintaining _______. |
all of the above |
Compensation of metabolic alkalosis includes which of the following? |
excreting bicarbonate ion in the renal system and retaining carbon dioxide through the respiratory system |
Metabolic acidosis results in _______. |
hyperventilation |
Which metabolic rate resulted in metabolic acidosis? |
80 kcal/hr |
Which of the following occurred when the metabolic rate was set to 20 kcal/hr? |
metabolic alkalosis and hypoventilation |
Excessive diarrhea results in which of the following? |
loss of bicarbonate, metabolic acidosis |
Ingestion of too much alcohol results in which of the following? |
gain of acid, metabolic acidosis |
Which of the following does NOT result in metabolic alkalosis? |
hyperventilation |
Ketoacidosis is usually a result of _______. |
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |