Anatomy- Chapter 20 Lymphatic System

Lymphangitis is caused by ______.

an infection

Lymphedema may be treated by all EXCEPT which of the following?

bed rest to allow enhanced blood flow and therefore healing of the affected area

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

blood vessels

What is the role of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries?

increase permeability

Lymph is most similar to __________.

interstitial fluid

Lymphatic collecting vessels are most closely associated with __________.

capillary beds

Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels?

Veins have fewer internal valves than do lymphatic vessels.

Once collected, lymph is returned to __________.

venous circulation

Lymphatic vessels __________.

return tissue fluid to the bloodstream

Adjacent cells in lymphatic capillaries overlap each other loosely. These cells form a unique structural modification that increases their permeability that is known as the __________.

minivalves

Which of the following promotes closure of the minivalves associated with lymph capillaries?

increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary

To what organ do the lymphatic vessels return protein-rich escaped fluids to rejoin circulation?

heart

What do collecting lymphatic vessels NOT share in common with veins of the cardiovascular system?

thickness of the walls

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood.

Which of the following lacks lymph capillaries?

bones and teeth

Lymph from the right leg ultimately is delivered to which duct in the thoracic region?

thoracic duct

Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct?

right upper limb, right side of the head and thorax

What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk returns lymph?

cisterna chyli

Which of the following returns lymph to the right lymphatic duct?

right side of the head

Which of the following delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein?

thoracic duct

Which of the following lymphoid cells secrete antibodies?

plasma cells

Which lymphoid organ serves as the site where T lymphocytes become immunocompetent T cells?

thymus gland

Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic cell?

eosinophil

Antibodies are produced by __________.

plasma cells

Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs does NOT contain reticular connective tissue?

thymus

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid tissue/organ?

bone marrow

What type of tissue is commonly found in all lymphoid organs and tissues (except the thymus)?

reticular connective tissue

What is the role of the B lymphocytes (B cells) in lymphoid tissue?

produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies

What is the role of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue?

capture antigens and bring them back to lymph nodes

Within buboes, bacteria are directly attacked by ______.

macrophages

Which lymphoid organ serves in immune surveillance and in filtering lymph?

lymph nodes

Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?

They filter lymph.

Lymph arrives to the lymph nodes via efferent lymphatic vessels.

False

Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes?

cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions

The filtration of lymph and immune system activation are the two basic functions of the __________.

lymph nodes

Lymph nodes are surrounded by a capsule from which connective tissue strands extend inward to divide the node into compartments. What is the name of these strands?

trabeculae

What region of the lymph node contains densely packed follicles with dividing B cells?

cortex

After surgical removal of the spleen (i.e., a splenectomy), some other organs take over most of its functions. Which of the following spleen functions in the adult can not be performed by bone marrow?

removal of aged and damaged red blood cells from the blood

Which lymphoid organ provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response and provides blood-cleansing functions?

spleen

Of the following lymphoid organs, which is (are) structurally simplest and lack(s) a complete capsule?

tonsils

Which of the following is NOT a part of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

lymph nodes

Where are Peyer’s patches located?

distal portion of the small intestine

The __________ is (are) the most likely to become infected.

palatine tonsils

Peyer’s patches are located __________.

in the wall of the small intestine

The first lymphoid organ(s) to appear during fetal development is (are) the __________.

thymus

Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function?

white pulp

Where are worn-out erythrocytes found in the spleen?

red pulp

Where is the spleen located?

left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach

Where is the lingual tonsil located?

base of the tongue

Tonsillar crypts are invaginations deep into the interior of the tonsil. What is missing from the tonsil that allows for the presence of tonsillar crypts?

capsule

Which tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged?

pharyngeal tonsil

The thymus functions strictly in maturation of T cells.

True

The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

True

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins.

True

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.

True

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.

True

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.

True

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.

True

When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.

True

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.

False

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

right lymphatic duct

The lymphatic capillaries are ________.

more permeable than blood capillaries

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

red blood cells

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

transporting respiratory gases

Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments.

True

Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart.

False

Lymph transport involves all but which of the following?

smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Lymph capillaries are absent in all except which of the following?

digestive organs

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.

lower extremities

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow?

capillary smooth muscle contraction

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.

True

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.

True

The simplest lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes.

False

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

plasma cells

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue?

A and C

What is a bubo?

an infected lymph node

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?

produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with legs of drastically different sizes. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg?

The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed?

Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.

False

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________.

lymph nodes

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

efferent lymphatic vessels

Peyer’s patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.

False

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself.

True

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.

False

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?

pancreas

The thymus is most active during ________.

childhood

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones?

lymphocytes

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.

forming crypts that trap bacteria

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

tonsil

Peyer’s patches are found in the ________.

ileum of the small intestine

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not:

directly fight antigens

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________.

islets of Langerhans

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

lingual tonsils

In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs.

False

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is not true?

It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.

Which of the following does not contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

thymus

All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth.

False

A sentinel node is ________.

the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

Which of these lymphoid organs is the thymus? Select from letters A-D.

B

Which of these lymphoid organs destroys bacteria before it can breach the intestinal wall and generates "memory" lymphocytes for long-term memory? Select from letters A-D.

D

Which letter represents the tonsils? Select from letters A-D

A

Which lymphoid organ is primarily active during the early years of life? Select from letters A-D.

B

Which of these lymphoid organs is a part of collection of tissues called the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) and removes pathogens entering the pharynx (throat)? Select from letters A-D.

A

Which lymphoid organ extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood in addition to storing some of the breakdown products for later reuse? Select from letters A-D.

C

Which of the following is not a part of the lymphatic system?

erythrocytes