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Anatomy |
The study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts is called: |
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Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex? |
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The lungs are lateral to the heart |
In describing the relationship of the lungs to the heart: |
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anterior; posterior |
In anatomical position, the face and palms are on the blank body surface and the buttocks and shoulder blades are on the blank body surface. |
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coronal |
A cut made lenghtwise that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts is what section? |
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superior and inferior |
A transverse plane divides the body into what segments? |
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A sagittal section is a cut made along the horizontal plane. |
Which of the following is NOT true of a sagittal place? |
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The maintenance of a stable internal enviroment |
Homeostasis is a term that refers to: |
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The body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward. |
Anatomical Position is: |
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heart, lungs, and stomach |
Which of the following organs are found in the ventral body cavity? |
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The patellar region is distal to the femoral region |
In describing the relationship between the patellar region and femoral regions: |
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cytoplasm |
The semi-fluid internal medium of a cell that is found between the nucleus and the cell membrane is called: |
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It determines which substances enter and leave the cell, serves as a boundary between the cell and its enviroment, and contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its enviroment. (ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT) |
The function of the plasma membrane is: |
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Nucleus |
Which structure contains the majority of genetic material within the cell? |
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Mitochondrion |
Which of the following is the primary source of ATP production? |
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Diffusion |
The process whereby small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is: |
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greater concentration of solute than the cytoplasm |
A hypertonic solution contains: |
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Gains water |
A cell in a hypotonic solution: |
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A concentration gradient |
Which of the following is required for diffusion to occur? |
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Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscle. |
Which of the following are the four primary body tissues? |
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connective |
The tissue that generally has good blood supply and an extensive extracellular matrix is: |
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giving support, allowing movement and transport of materials. |
Functions of connective tissue include: |
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protect, secrete, excrete, and absorb |
Functions of epithelial tissue include: |
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recieve and conduct electrochemical impulses. |
The function of nerve tissue is to… |
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Simple squamos |
Name the epithelial tissue that is found in the capillaries and alveoli: |
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fibrocartilage |
Name the connective tissue that is found in the nose, ear, and intervertebral disks: |
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Skeletal muscle |
Muscle tissue that is voluntarily controlled and found attached to bone is: |
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hair, nails, skin, sweat and oil glands. |
The integumentary system is a body system composed of: |
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Vitamin D activation, protection, thermoregulation |
Which of the following are functions of skin? |
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Stratum corneum |
The most superficial stratum of the epidermis is the: |
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Oil |
Sebaceous glands secrete: |
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axial and appendicular. |
The two divisions of the skeletal system include: |
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deliver blood |
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? |
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dense tissue that looks smooth and homogenous; small needlelike pieces of bone with lots of open spaces. |
Compact bone is characterized by? whereas spongy bone is characterized by? |
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long, short, flat, sesamoid and irregular. |
The classes of bones according to shape include: |
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wrist bones- short bones |
Which of the following groups in the human body, categorized according to shape is correct? |
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the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. |
The axial skeleton contains: |
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osteon; central canal |
One unit of bone is called ? and has a center canal called the ? |
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cardiac and smooth mucle |
Muscular tissue that is involuntarily: |
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Skeletal muscle ONLY |
The muscle tissue that consists of single, very cyndrical, multinucleate cells with striations are: |
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hematopoiesis |
Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system? |
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the contractile unit of skeletal muscle |
A sacromere is: |
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fascicle, fiber, myofibril, myofilament |
Which of the following groups of terms is placed in order from largest to smallest? |
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Actin Filaments |
During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to active sites of: |
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A Neurotransmitter |
Acetylcholine is: |
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adduction |
The body movement that moves the limb toward the midline is: |
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Frontalis |
The muscle that raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead is: |
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biceps brachii |
The muscle that flexes the elbow is: |
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hamstring group |
The primary muscle of knee flexion is: |
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Consists of cell body, dendrites, and axons. |
Which of the following is NOT true about neuroglia cells: |
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oligodendrocytes |
Which of the following glia cells produce myelin? |
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astrocytes |
Which of the following are glia cells that brace and anchor neurons to nutrient lines? |
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Dendrites carry information away from the cell body |
Which of the following is NOT true concerning neurons? |
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Medulla |
The part of the brain that regulates breathing and heart rate is the: |
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cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum. |
The four major regions of the brain include: |
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visual area |
The occipital lobe of the cerebrum houses the: |
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pons, medulla, and reticular formation. |
The brain stem includes which of the following structures? |
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regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and vomitting |
The medulla oblongata: |
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The spinal cord extends from the medulla to the 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebra. |
Which of the following statements is TRUE reguarding the spinal cord? |
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directly into body fluids such as blood. |
Endocrine glands secrete hormones: |
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its target cells |
The action of a hormone is directed at: |
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growth hormone and lutenizing hormone |
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes: |
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in the anterior throat |
The thyroid gland is located: |
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insulin. |
The pancreas is a gland that secretes: |
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growth hormone |
The hormone that stimulates cells to increase in size and divide more frequently is: |
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insulin |
The hormone that facilitates transport of glucose across cell membranes is: |
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connective |
Blood is classified as what type of tissue? |
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sticky, red color, slightly alkaline pH, volume in human body 5-6 liters, temp 38 degrees C |
Which of the following are physical characteristics of blood? |
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nutrients, hormones, and proteins |
which of the following are components of plasma? |
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hemoglobin |
The protein found in RBC’s that is responsible for carrying oxygen is: |
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they are packed with organelles |
Which of the following does NOT describe erythrocytes: |
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Fighting infections |
What is the function of WBC’s? |
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which two antigens, type A or type B, a person inherits. |
ABO blood groups are based on: |
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Type AB |
When blood typing, if the sample of blood agglutinates with anti-A and anti-B, what type of blood is it? |
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pericardium |
The heart is enclosed by a double sac of membrane known as the: |
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are located superiorly and are the receiving chambers of the heart. |
The atria of the heart: |
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pulmonary artery |
Which vessel receives blood during right ventricular systole? |
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coronary arteries |
The myocardium receives blood from the: |
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lymphatic vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils |
The lymphatic system is comprised of what structures: |
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subclavian veins |
Lymph rejoins the blood and becomes part of the plasma in the |
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transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissue. |
All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system EXCEPT: |
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It acts as a large lymph node and filters foreign particles and damaged red blood cells from blood. |
What is the function of the spleen? |
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Innate defenses refers to those defenses that guard against pathogens; adaptive defenses are those that respond to specific foreign pathogens. |
What is the difference between innate (nonspecific) defenses and adaptive defenses against infection? |
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skin and mucous membranes. |
The body’s first line of defense is: |
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exchange of gases between lungs and blood. |
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system? |
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alveoli |
Where does gas exchange occur? |
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atmospheric pressure |
What is the driving force for inspiration? |
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elastic recoil of lungs and thoracic wall. |
The force responsible for normal expiration comes mainly from |
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bound to hemoglobin |
How is most oxygen transported in the blood? |
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as a bicarbonate ion |
How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood? |
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J-shaped smooth muscle organ; located on the left side of the abdominal cavity. |
Which of the following describes the stomach? |
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mechanical breakdown of food |
Which of the following are functions of the stomach? |
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activate pepsinogen into pepsin |
What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach? |
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protein |
The digestive enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of |
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small intestine |
What is the body’s major digestive organ? |
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completes chemical digestion of all food categories and absorbs nutrients into bloodstream |
What are the functions of the small intestines? |
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Dry out the food residue by absorbing water and eliminate these residues. |
What are the main functions of the large intestine? |
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produce enzymes that breakdown all categories of digestible foods. |
What is the main digestive function of the pancreas? |
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store and releases bile |
The function of the gallbladder is to: |
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emulsification of fats |
Which of the following is the function of bile? |
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produce bile for fat digestion |
What is the main digestive function of the liver? |
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produces hormones that aid in digestion |
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the kidney? |
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retroperitoneal |
Which of the following terms describes the location of the kidneys? |
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extremely high |
Blood pressure in the glomerulus is: |
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filtration |
The nonselective, passive process performed by the glomerulus is called: |
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glomerulus and renal tubule |
The nephrons of the kidney have what two main structures: |
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urea |
Which of the following is NOT one of the substances typically reabsorbed by the tubules: |
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creatinine |
All of the following are NOT found in urine except: |
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anterior to the pubis symphysis |
Which of the following does NOT describe the bladder: |
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testes |
The male gonad are: |
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seminiferous tubules |
The actual "sperm-producing factories" of the male reproductive system are the: |
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testes and the interstitial cells |
Testosterone is produced by the: |
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temporarily stores sperm |
What is the function of the epididymis? |
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epididymal fluid |
Which of the following is NOT a component of semen? |
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activate sperm and neutralize urine |
Secretions from the prostate gland: |
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contracts and relaxes to keep temperature of testes below body temperature |
What is the function of the scrotum? |
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spermatogonia |
The primitive stem cell of spermatogenesis is called: |
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23 chromosomes |
Spermatids and ova have: |
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fallopian tube |
Fertilization usually occurs in the: |
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endometrium |
The layer of the uterus that sloughs off on a monthly basis is the: |
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FSH |
The hormone responsible for ovulation is: |
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they have the same number of chromosomes |
Human ova and sperm are similar in that: |
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