The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal |
True |
What hormone promotes active tubular secretion of potassium ions into, along with sodium reabsorption from, filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting ducts? |
aldosterone |
Order |
3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4 |
What region of the male urethra runs through the urogenital diaphragm, extending about 2 centimeters from the prostate to the beginning of the penis? |
intermediate part of the urethra (membranous urethra) |
Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? |
creatinine |
The renal corpuscle is made up of ________. |
Bowman's capsule and glomerulus |
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. |
Nephron |
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? |
to regulate body fluid by controlling excretion from sweat glands |
The area at C will eventually drain urine into the __________. |
ureter |
Calculate the net filtration pressure if blood pressure in the glomerulus is unusually high, around 68 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). |
23 |
What area of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of most of the water from the filtrate as well as most nutrients? |
proximal consulted tubule |
What two structures constitute the renal corpuscle? |
glomerulus and glomerular (Bowman's) capsule |
An excessive urine output is called anuria. |
False |
The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct |
False |
Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer. |
True |
What defines the trigone of the urinary bladder? |
the ureter entrances and the opening to the urethra |
In which kidney region are all renal corpuscles located? |
Renal Cortex |
Which of these should NOT normally appear in urine? |
Glucose |
The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter. |
False |
Which of the following best describes the function of the urethra? |
transport of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
The nephrons and collecting ducts are the structures responsible for urine formation. |
True |
Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system? |
eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat |
Select the correct statement about the ureters. |
The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract. |
The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle. |
True |
Which part of the renal tubule is lined with cuboidal epithelial cells bordered by dense microvilli? |
proximal convoluted tubule |
External chemicals that enhance urinary output are called __________. |
diuretics |
Hydronephrosis may be caused by all EXCEPT which of the following? |
renal failure |
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water. |
False |
Which of the following is NOT one of the things that must happen for micturition to occur? |
The extrusor muscle must relax. |
Both the male and female urethras serve both the urinary and the reproductive systems. |
False |
Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)? |
Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy. |
Which urinary structure serves as the transporter for urine toward the bladder? |
ureter |
The __________ is a skeletal muscle under conscious control that allows urine to leave the bladder. |
external urethral sphincter |
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________. |
inhibits the release of ADH |
The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. |
by a decrease in the blood pressure |
Which of the following is NOT a major urine formation process? |
micturition |
Where does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) exert its effects to promote water reabsorption? |
collecting duct |
Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs |
Proximal convoluted tubule. |
Site of filtrate formation. |
: Glomerulus. |
Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. |
Peritubular capillaries. |
Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. |
Collecting duct. |
The frequency of cystitis in men is lower than in women because ______. |
the male urethra is longer than the female urethra |
Which of the following is the most likely to cause pyelonephritis? |
infection of the urinary bladder |
Which vessels supply the cortical tissue of the kidney with blood? |
cortical radiate arteries |
The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding. |
True |
Which statement does NOT accurately describe the renal gross anatomy? |
The left kidney is lower in position because of crowding by the liver. |
Which arteries branch off the arcuate arteries? |
cortical radiate arteries |
The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________. |
stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position |
Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption? |
ADH |
In what part of the renal tubule does parathyroid hormone (PTH) promote the reabsorption of calcium ions? |
distal convoluted tubule (DCT) |
Having a kinked ureter is called renal p |
False |