Which of the following statements about the structure of American federalism is true? |
It has contributed to the longevity of the U.S. government by allowing many divisive policy decisions throughout American history to be made by states. |
Which of the following statements best summarizes President Herbert Hoover’s views on federal action during the Great Depression? |
The federal government could do little to alleviate the misery caused by the depression and state and local governments should be responsible for responding to the crisis |
In a federal system, governmental responsibilities are |
shared by both state and federal governments |
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) was important because it |
established the supremacy of the national government in all matters affecting interstate commerce. |
The Secure Communities program |
required state and local authorities to check the fingerprints of people being booked into jail against a Homeland Security database |
Which statement best describes American federalism since the 1930s? |
Although the federal government has grown significantly more powerful since the 1930s, the basic framework of American federalism has not been altered, and state governments remain important |
The state government’s authority to regulate the safety, health, and morals of its citizens is called the ________ power. |
Police |
Which level of government writes the majority of criminal laws? |
The State Governments |
Why was United States v. Lopez (1995) important? |
It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress as outlined under the commerce clause |
What is the main function of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV? |
It prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents |
The Supreme Court’s decision in King v. Burwell (2015) was significant because it |
ensured that federal subsidies to help pay for health insurance would be available to residents in all states |
By 1932, ____ percent of the labor force in the United States was unemployed. |
25 |
Which statement best describes the Supreme Court’s decisions about federalism during the 1990s? |
The Court limited the power of the national government over the state governments |
The principle of ________ gives the federal government the power to override any state or local law in one particular area of policy. |
Preemption |
Which of the following statements about American federalism is true? |
Liberals tend to prefer a strong federal government because they value equality more than liberty |
Why did local governments become administratively important in the early years of the Republic? |
States lacked the power to implement and enforce laws and relied, therefore, on local governments |
Advocates of limiting the powers of the national government justify their position by pointing to the ________ of the U.S. Constitution. |
Tenth amendment |
Nations that adopt a federal arrangement are most likely to have |
Diverse ethnic or language groups |
"Commerce among the several states" was first defined in |
Gibbons v. Ogden |
In ________, the Supreme Court reinterpreted the commerce clause, changing it from a check on national power to a source of national power. |
1937 |
An example of ________ federalism is when federal officials establish environmental standards that every state must follow. |
regulated |
Which of the following is the best example of a unitary system of government? |
The federal government sets detailed educational guidelines that all local governments must implement. |
The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________ clause. |
comity |
Block grants are designed to |
give the states considerable discretion in how money from the federal government should be spent. |
Which of the following statements best describes state-level same-sex marriage laws prior to 2015? |
Thirteen states had passed laws prohibiting same-sex couples from being legally married. |
Prior to the Supreme Court’s 2015 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, ________ states recognized same-sex marriage. |
37 |
Which president introduced and presided over the New Deal |
Franklin Roosevelt |
The Supreme Court justices determined that the individual mandate found in the Affordable Care Act was |
Constitutional under congress’s power to tax |
Which of the following is the best example of a concurrent power under the U.S. Constitution? |
The power to regulate commercial activity |
Which of the following economic policies did the national government implement during the nineteenth century? |
Chartering a national bank |
What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment? |
To limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the people |
Which clauses of the U.S. Constitution involve the relationships between and among the various states? |
The full faith and credit clause and the privileges and immunities clause |
Which powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment, are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states? |
reserved |
A federal grant to states to assist in the building of new public schools is an example of a ________ grant. |
categorical |
Which of the following Supreme Court cases limited federal power? |
United States v. Lopez and Printz v. United States |
The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers. |
expressed |
During the era of dual federalism, what was the primary goal of the federal government’s domestic policies? |
To promote the development of commercial activity between and among the states |
The fact that state governments are required to enforce restraining orders placed on stalkers and batterers in other states is a result of the |
Full faith and credit clause of the Constitution |
To what does the "individual mandate" in the Affordable Care Act refer? |
the requirement that individuals purchase health care insurance coverage or pay a penalty to the federal government |
Which amendment preserves a strong role for the states in the American federal republic? |
Tenth |
One argument for a strong federal government is that it promotes ________ across states. |
equality |
Which of the following statements about contemporary America is true? |
About half of all state governments have legalized medical marijuana |
As of 2016, which of following statements about immigration law is most accurate? |
The supreme court has ruled that state police are allowed to check the immigration status of anyone stopped or arrested. |
What is it called when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs? |
Home rule |
What was a major reason that the slogan "states’ rights" became tarnished in the 1950s and 1960s? |
It had been used by southern opponents of the civil rights movement to support Jim Crow laws. |
Which constitutional provision was most important in determining the Supreme Court’s ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)? |
The fourteenth amendment |
An example of ________ is when federal officials force state officials to implement more stringent water pollution regulations. |
preemption |
Which of the following statements best describes the history of American federalism? |
Since the founding, there has been considerable debate about the allocation of responsibilities between the states and the federal government |
The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Native American tribes is found in ________ of the U.S. Constitution. |
Article I |
The goal of the Unfunded Mandate Reform Act was to |
limit the costs associated with unfunded mandates by ensuring that Congress knows how much it is expecting of state and local governments and the private sector. |
Federal officials seeking to give states more authority are most likely to support |
Block grants |
The number of categorical grants in the United States increased dramatically during the |
1960s |
The Supreme Court’s decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) was significant because it |
required that all states offer marriage licenses to two people of the same sex. |
Which Supreme Court decision partially struck down the Defense of Marriage Act? |
Windsor v. United States |
"Marble cake federalism" is associated with the |
pattern of intergovernmental cooperation that has blurred the lines between the states and the national governments. |
Which clause in the U.S. Constitution affirms that national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land? |
The supremacy clause |
Who was the first president to promote New Federalism? |
Richard nixon |
Congressional grants paid for ________ percent of the development of an interstate highway system after World War II. |
90 |
________ powers exist when both the state and national governments share authority in certain domains. |
concurrent |
Why were attempts by Congress to regulate child labor and factory conditions in local workplaces struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional in the late nineteenth century? |
Regulating local workplaces was beyond the scope of interstate commerce at the time and was, therefore, perceived to be an unconstitutional exercise of power by the federal government. |
The form of federal assistance called ________ provides money to state governments with no strings attached. |
General revenue sharing |
Who wrote the Supreme Court opinions in both McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)? |
John Marshall |
What is one of the biggest problems with federal block grants? |
There is a need for greater accountability in how the funds are actually spent by the states |
________ is the strategy of delegating authority to a lower level of government. |
devolution |
In a decision on the Affordable Care Act, the Supreme Court ruled that |
state governments could decline to expand Medicaid coverage without losing their existing Medicaid funds from the federal government. |
The United States, Canada, and Switzerland are all ________ systems of government while France is a ________ system of government. |
Federal; unitary |
During most of the nineteenth century, Congress primarily used its powers to ________ interstate commerce. |
Facilitate and enhance |
The ability to charter banks is an example of a ________ power. |
concurrent |
Which of the following statements about federalism in America is true? |
Each generation has provided its own answer to the question of "who should do what" in America’s system of federalism. |
When was the era of dual federalism? |
from the Founding until the New Deal |
Which clause is the source of implied powers under the U.S. Constitution? |
Necessary and proper |
Using block grants to return power to the states was part of ________ during the Nixon (1969-1974) and Reagan (1981-1989) administrations. |
New Federalism |
Unfunded mandates are unpopular among those who want to |
Reduce the power of the federal government |
________ is evidenced when national officials fund a project that is actually implemented by state governments. |
Cooperative federalism |
The process by which one unit of government yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of government according to an established formula is called |
General revenue sharing |
How did dual federalism help to establish a "commercial republic"? |
The function of the federal government was to promote and assist commerce |
The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires |
States to honor each other’s public acts and legal decisions |
When Alaska passed a law in the 1970s that gave state residents preference over nonresidents in obtaining work on oil pipelines, this law violated the ________ clause. |
Privileges and immunities |
Which clause of the U.S. Constitution has been important in allowing the growth of national power? |
The commerce clause |
Federalism is best defined as a system of government |
In which power is divided between a national government and lower level governments |
What was the overall importance of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)? |
The court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers |
Which of the following statements best describes the 2005 Supreme Court ruling on medicinal marijuana? |
The federal government has the power to regulate use of medicinal marijuana under the commerce clause |
The constitutional idea of states’ rights was strongest during which historical period? |
The years immediately preceding the civil war |
Under the traditional system of American federalism, most of the fundamental governing in the United States was done by |
Single governments |
Which event was most influential in the rise of a more active national government? |
The great depression |
Which of the following statements is true about the Defense of Marriage Act? |
The act stipulates that the federal government will not recognize same-sex marriage |
American Gov Chapter 3
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