American Gov Chapter 3

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Which of the following statements about the structure of American federalism is true?

It has contributed to the longevity of the U.S. government by allowing many divisive policy decisions throughout American history to be made by states.

Which of the following statements best summarizes President Herbert Hoover’s views on federal action during the Great Depression?

The federal government could do little to alleviate the misery caused by the depression and state and local governments should be responsible for responding to the crisis

In a federal system, governmental responsibilities are

shared by both state and federal governments

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) was important because it

established the supremacy of the national government in all matters affecting interstate commerce.

The Secure Communities program

required state and local authorities to check the fingerprints of people being booked into jail against a Homeland Security database

Which statement best describes American federalism since the 1930s?

Although the federal government has grown significantly more powerful since the 1930s, the basic framework of American federalism has not been altered, and state governments remain important

The state government’s authority to regulate the safety, health, and morals of its citizens is called the ________ power.

Police

Which level of government writes the majority of criminal laws?

The State Governments

Why was United States v. Lopez (1995) important?

It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress as outlined under the commerce clause

What is the main function of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV?

It prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents

The Supreme Court’s decision in King v. Burwell (2015) was significant because it

ensured that federal subsidies to help pay for health insurance would be available to residents in all states

By 1932, ____ percent of the labor force in the United States was unemployed.

25

Which statement best describes the Supreme Court’s decisions about federalism during the 1990s?

The Court limited the power of the national government over the state governments

The principle of ________ gives the federal government the power to override any state or local law in one particular area of policy.

Preemption

Which of the following statements about American federalism is true?

Liberals tend to prefer a strong federal government because they value equality more than liberty

Why did local governments become administratively important in the early years of the Republic?

States lacked the power to implement and enforce laws and relied, therefore, on local governments

Advocates of limiting the powers of the national government justify their position by pointing to the ________ of the U.S. Constitution.

Tenth amendment

Nations that adopt a federal arrangement are most likely to have

Diverse ethnic or language groups

"Commerce among the several states" was first defined in

Gibbons v. Ogden

In ________, the Supreme Court reinterpreted the commerce clause, changing it from a check on national power to a source of national power.

1937

An example of ________ federalism is when federal officials establish environmental standards that every state must follow.

regulated

Which of the following is the best example of a unitary system of government?

The federal government sets detailed educational guidelines that all local governments must implement.

The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________ clause.

comity

Block grants are designed to

give the states considerable discretion in how money from the federal government should be spent.

Which of the following statements best describes state-level same-sex marriage laws prior to 2015?

Thirteen states had passed laws prohibiting same-sex couples from being legally married.

Prior to the Supreme Court’s 2015 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, ________ states recognized same-sex marriage.

37

Which president introduced and presided over the New Deal

Franklin Roosevelt

The Supreme Court justices determined that the individual mandate found in the Affordable Care Act was

Constitutional under congress’s power to tax

Which of the following is the best example of a concurrent power under the U.S. Constitution?

The power to regulate commercial activity

Which of the following economic policies did the national government implement during the nineteenth century?

Chartering a national bank

What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment?

To limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the people

Which clauses of the U.S. Constitution involve the relationships between and among the various states?

The full faith and credit clause and the privileges and immunities clause

Which powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment, are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states?

reserved

A federal grant to states to assist in the building of new public schools is an example of a ________ grant.

categorical

Which of the following Supreme Court cases limited federal power?

United States v. Lopez and Printz v. United States

The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers.

expressed

During the era of dual federalism, what was the primary goal of the federal government’s domestic policies?

To promote the development of commercial activity between and among the states

The fact that state governments are required to enforce restraining orders placed on stalkers and batterers in other states is a result of the

Full faith and credit clause of the Constitution

To what does the "individual mandate" in the Affordable Care Act refer?

the requirement that individuals purchase health care insurance coverage or pay a penalty to the federal government

Which amendment preserves a strong role for the states in the American federal republic?

Tenth

One argument for a strong federal government is that it promotes ________ across states.

equality

Which of the following statements about contemporary America is true?

About half of all state governments have legalized medical marijuana

As of 2016, which of following statements about immigration law is most accurate?

The supreme court has ruled that state police are allowed to check the immigration status of anyone stopped or arrested.

What is it called when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs?

Home rule

What was a major reason that the slogan "states’ rights" became tarnished in the 1950s and 1960s?

It had been used by southern opponents of the civil rights movement to support Jim Crow laws.

Which constitutional provision was most important in determining the Supreme Court’s ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)?

The fourteenth amendment

An example of ________ is when federal officials force state officials to implement more stringent water pollution regulations.

preemption

Which of the following statements best describes the history of American federalism?

Since the founding, there has been considerable debate about the allocation of responsibilities between the states and the federal government

The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Native American tribes is found in ________ of the U.S. Constitution.

Article I

The goal of the Unfunded Mandate Reform Act was to

limit the costs associated with unfunded mandates by ensuring that Congress knows how much it is expecting of state and local governments and the private sector.

Federal officials seeking to give states more authority are most likely to support

Block grants

The number of categorical grants in the United States increased dramatically during the

1960s

The Supreme Court’s decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) was significant because it

required that all states offer marriage licenses to two people of the same sex.

Which Supreme Court decision partially struck down the Defense of Marriage Act?

Windsor v. United States

"Marble cake federalism" is associated with the

pattern of intergovernmental cooperation that has blurred the lines between the states and the national governments.

Which clause in the U.S. Constitution affirms that national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land?

The supremacy clause

Who was the first president to promote New Federalism?

Richard nixon

Congressional grants paid for ________ percent of the development of an interstate highway system after World War II.

90

________ powers exist when both the state and national governments share authority in certain domains.

concurrent

Why were attempts by Congress to regulate child labor and factory conditions in local workplaces struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional in the late nineteenth century?

Regulating local workplaces was beyond the scope of interstate commerce at the time and was, therefore, perceived to be an unconstitutional exercise of power by the federal government.

The form of federal assistance called ________ provides money to state governments with no strings attached.

General revenue sharing

Who wrote the Supreme Court opinions in both McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?

John Marshall

What is one of the biggest problems with federal block grants?

There is a need for greater accountability in how the funds are actually spent by the states

________ is the strategy of delegating authority to a lower level of government.

devolution

In a decision on the Affordable Care Act, the Supreme Court ruled that

state governments could decline to expand Medicaid coverage without losing their existing Medicaid funds from the federal government.

The United States, Canada, and Switzerland are all ________ systems of government while France is a ________ system of government.

Federal; unitary

During most of the nineteenth century, Congress primarily used its powers to ________ interstate commerce.

Facilitate and enhance

The ability to charter banks is an example of a ________ power.

concurrent

Which of the following statements about federalism in America is true?

Each generation has provided its own answer to the question of "who should do what" in America’s system of federalism.

When was the era of dual federalism?

from the Founding until the New Deal

Which clause is the source of implied powers under the U.S. Constitution?

Necessary and proper

Using block grants to return power to the states was part of ________ during the Nixon (1969-1974) and Reagan (1981-1989) administrations.

New Federalism

Unfunded mandates are unpopular among those who want to

Reduce the power of the federal government

________ is evidenced when national officials fund a project that is actually implemented by state governments.

Cooperative federalism

The process by which one unit of government yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of government according to an established formula is called

General revenue sharing

How did dual federalism help to establish a "commercial republic"?

The function of the federal government was to promote and assist commerce

The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires

States to honor each other’s public acts and legal decisions

When Alaska passed a law in the 1970s that gave state residents preference over nonresidents in obtaining work on oil pipelines, this law violated the ________ clause.

Privileges and immunities

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution has been important in allowing the growth of national power?

The commerce clause

Federalism is best defined as a system of government

In which power is divided between a national government and lower level governments

What was the overall importance of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

The court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers

Which of the following statements best describes the 2005 Supreme Court ruling on medicinal marijuana?

The federal government has the power to regulate use of medicinal marijuana under the commerce clause

The constitutional idea of states’ rights was strongest during which historical period?

The years immediately preceding the civil war

Under the traditional system of American federalism, most of the fundamental governing in the United States was done by

Single governments

Which event was most influential in the rise of a more active national government?

The great depression

Which of the following statements is true about the Defense of Marriage Act?

The act stipulates that the federal government will not recognize same-sex marriage

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