American GoPo ch 8

1. (p. 244) Political parties serve to
A. link the public with its elected leaders.
B. enable people with different backgrounds and opinions to act together.
C. offer the public a choice between policies and leaders.
D. provide potential leaders an opportunity to attain public office.
E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

2. (p. 245) The first American political parties emerged from the conflict between
A. slave states and free states.
B. the older eastern states and the newer western states.
C. small farmers and states' rights advocates, and those favoring commercial and wealthy interests.
D. business and labor.
E. Protestants and Catholics.

C. small farmers and states' rights advocates, and those favoring commercial and wealthy interests.

3. (p. 245) Andrew Jackson's contribution to the development of political parties was the
A. forging of a coalition of Democrats and Whigs.
B. introduction of primary elections.
C. formation of a new type of grassroots party organization.
D. formation of the Federalist Party.
E. formation of the Republican Party.

C. formation of a new type of grassroots party organization.

4. (p. 253-254) Proportional representation systems encourage the formation of smaller parties by enabling parties to
A. win legislative seats even though they do not receive a majority of votes in elections.
B. receive campaign funds from government in proportion to their support in opinion polls.
C. win legislative seats by lottery for parties that have no chance of winning majority support.
D. share in patronage appointments, which serve as an incentive to lure campaign workers.
E. advertise on television.

A. win legislative seats even though they do not receive a majority of votes in elections.

5. (p. 246) Democrats and Republicans have endured as the two major U.S. parties primarily due to
A. the stability of their ideologies.
B. the lack of good third-party candidates.
C. a high degree of party discipline.
D. their ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
E. None of these answers is correct.

D. their ability to adapt to changing circumstances.

6. (p. 260) In 1912, a candidate for which minor party managed to earn more votes than one of his major party opponents?
A. Socialist
B. Prohibition
C. Bull Moose
D. Reform
E. Populist

C. Bull Moose

7. (p. 259) If a minor party gains a large following, it is almost certain that
A. the major parties will join together to attack the minor party.
B. Congress will enact legislation to make it difficult for the minor party to get on the ballot.
C. party in-fighting will tear it apart.
D. one or both major parties will absorb its issue, and the minor party will lose support.
E. the media will attack the minor party.

D. one or both major parties will absorb its issue, and the minor party will lose support.

8. (p. 252) The major reason for the persistence of the American two-party system is
A. that there are naturally only two sides to political disputes.
B. regional conflict.
C. the existence of single-member election districts.
D. the existence of state laws prohibiting the placement of a third major party on the ballot.
E. proportional representation.

C. the existence of single-member election districts.

9. (p. 244) The history of democratic government is virtually synonymous with the history of
A. high voter turnout.
B. the separation of powers.
C. economic recessions.
D. protest movements.
E. political parties.

E. political parties.

10. (p. 246) All of the following are characteristic of a party realignment EXCEPT
A. sharp divisions between the parties.
B. enduring changes in party coalitions.
C. major policy initiatives by the winning party.
D. a very close electoral result.
E. the disruption of the existing political order.

D. a very close electoral result.

11. (p. 255, 256) Which of the following encourages the two major parties to build broad coalitions?
A. the need to raise campaign funds
B. the need to have policy "wiggle-room" once elected into power
C. the desire to avoid their policy preferences becoming hijacked by extreme elements
D. fear of demonization by the press
E. the two-party system and the need to gain a plurality

E. the two-party system and the need to gain a plurality

12. (p. 245) The issue of slavery gave birth to the ________ party as a major political party.
A. Federalist
B. Democratic
C. Republican
D. Whig
E. Populist

C. Republican

13. (p. 244) Political parties in the United States originated partly as a political feud between
A. Marshall and Adams.
B. Adams and Jackson.
C. Lincoln and Douglas.
D. Cleveland and Bryan.
E. Hamilton and Jefferson.

E. Hamilton and Jefferson.

14. (p. 247) The Democratic Party's long-time regional stronghold, "the Solid South", stemmed from a realignment during which historical period?
A. Civil War era
B. 1890s
C. Great Depression
D. 1980s
E. None of these answers is correct.

A. Civil War era

15. (p. 251) Which of the following is an indication of strong party loyalty?
A. split-ticket voting
B. an increase in independent voters
C. straight-ticket voting
D. the influence of short-term issues and candidates
E. a focus on candidate charisma and personal style

C. straight-ticket voting

16. (p. 251) Party dealignment is
A. essentially the same as party realignment.
B. a process that has discouraged the formation of third parties.
C. a process that has strengthened the major parties.
D. a process that refers to American political parties in the early 1800s.
E. None of these answers is correct.

E. None of these answers is correct.

17. (p. 274) Prospective voting is characterized by
A. a sudden shift in the vote from one party to another.
B. choices based on party loyalty.
C. choices based on a candidate's past performance.
D. choices based on what candidates promise to do if elected.
E. the symbolism of a candidate's personality.

D. choices based on what candidates promise to do if elected.

18. (p. 274) ________ is based on judgment about the past performance of an elected official or political party.
A. Prospective voting
B. Retrospective voting
C. Split-ticket voting
D. Straight-ticket voting
E. None of these answers is correct.

B. Retrospective voting

19. (p. 255) ________ lost the 1964 presidential election in a landslide because his views were seen as too extreme.
A. James Weaver
B. Jimmy Carter
C. George McGovern
D. Richard Nixon
E. Barry Goldwater

E. Barry Goldwater

20. (p. 253) ________ does not have a competitive multiparty system.
A. Germany
B. Italy
C. The Netherlands
D. The United States
E. Sweden

D. The United States

21. (p. 245) What was especially unique about the "Era of Good Feeling"?
A. Political parties were banned.
B. President Monroe ran unopposed in 1820.
C. Jefferson's faction adopted the label "Republican".
D. The president and vice president were from competing parties.
E. Federalists won the election of 1820.

B. President Monroe ran unopposed in 1820.

22. (p. 244) ________ warned Americans of the "baneful effects" of factions (political parties) in his 1797 farewell address.
A. James Madison
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. George Washington
D. Andrew Jackson
E. Abraham Lincoln

C. George Washington

23. (p. 257) What party has made big gains in recent decades among white fundamentalist Christians, based on its positions on topics like abortion and school prayer?
A. Democratic
B. Republican
C. Green
D. Socialist
E. Reform

B. Republican

24. (p. 273-274) Candidates' first priority in a close election is to
A. secure their "base voters".
B. rally the faithful and "get out the vote".
C. increase TV spending.
D. paint their opponents in a bad light.
E. win over the "swing voters".

E. win over the "swing voters".

25. (p. 256) Which of the following groups is most closely aligned with the Democratic Party, voting more than 80 percent Democratic in presidential elections?
A. Latino Americans
B. white Protestants
C. Christian fundamentalists
D. African Americans
E. Roman Catholics

D. African Americans

26. (p. 257) Which of the following groups is NOT typically a part of the Democratic coalition?
A. city dwellers
B. Hispanics
C. union members
D. Jews
E. fundamentalist Christians

E. fundamentalist Christians

27. (p. 259) In twentieth-century American history, the most important minor parties were ________ parties.
A. ideological
B. single-issue
C. factional
D. reform
E. non-aligned

C. factional

28. (p. 251) Ticket splitting was most prominent during which decade?
A. 1970s
B. 1990s
C. 1980s
D. 1960s
E. 1950s

A. 1970s

29. (p. 247-248) ________ was the only Republican elected president from 1932 to 1964.
A. Richard Nixon
B. Barry Goldwater
C. Dwight Eisenhower
D. Herbert Hoover
E. Calvin Coolidge

C. Dwight Eisenhower

30. (p. 262) All of the following use top-two primaries EXCEPT
A. Oregon.
B. Washington.
C. California.
D. Nebraska.
E. Louisiana.

A. Oregon.

31. (p. 269) American party organizations
A. are about to die out.
B. are more powerful today than at any time in history.
C. have more power than their Western European counterparts.
D. are still important, but their role in campaigns is secondary to that of candidates.
E. are unimportant in the political system today.

D. are still important, but their role in campaigns is secondary to that of candidates.

32. (p. 265-266) National party organizations can dictate the day-to-day decisions of
A. local party organizations only.
B. state party organizations only.
C. local and state party organizations.
D. neither local nor state party organizations.
E. party leaders in Congress.

D. neither local nor state party organizations.

33. (p. 260) A(n) ________ party is a minor party that bases its appeal on the claim that the major parties are having a corrupting influence on government and policy.
A. third
B. reform
C. single-issue
D. ideological
E. factional

B. reform

34. (p. 259) Which of the following is an example of a single-issue party?
A. Populists
B. Green Party
C. Socialist Workers Party
D. Libertarian Party
E. Greenback Party

E. Greenback Party

35. (p. 259) Which of the following are key players in the modern campaign?
A. pollsters
B. media producers
C. fundraising specialists
D. campaign consultants
E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

36. (p. 273) ________ prohibits the purchase of televised advertising time by candidates.
A. Scotland
B. Great Britain
C. The United States
D. Germany
E. Canada

B. Great Britain

37. (p. 271) James Carville and Roger Ailes are both examples of
A. minor party candidates who earned more than five percent of the vote.
B. campaign strategists who have earned legendary reputations.
C. congressional incumbents whose reelection bids were derailed by smear campaigns.
D. national chairpersons of one of the two major parties.
E. lobbyists jailed for their illegal soft money contributions.

B. campaign strategists who have earned legendary reputations.

38. (p. 266) Regarding state party organizations, the day-to-day operation is usually the responsibility of the
A. central committee.
B. state chairperson.
C. national chairperson who oversees all state party organizations.
D. state governor or top leaders in the legislative branch.
E. None of these answers is correct.

B. state chairperson.

39. (p. 243) Organizationally, the U.S. major parties are
A. decentralized and fragmented.
B. centralized and weak.
C. decentralized and strong.
D. centralized and strong.
E. no longer in operation.

A. decentralized and fragmented.

40. (p. 262, 264) During the twentieth century, American parties lost their complete control over
A. nominations.
B. financing.
C. platforms.
D. the staffing of government jobs.
E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

41. (p. 262) Which of the following represents the greatest blow to the organizational strength of U.S. parties?
A. the national convention
B. the direct primary
C. Jacksonian democracy
D. the emergence of PACs
E. voter registration

B. the direct primary

42. (p. 277) Which of the following is an accurate representation of the public's opinion about leaders and their accountability?
A. Most citizens have a high opinion of Congress as a whole, but say they have little confidence in their local representative in Congress.
B. Most citizens have a high opinion of both Congress as a whole and their local representative in Congress.
C. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole, but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress.
D. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole and also of their local representative in Congress.
E. Most citizens do not feel that their local representatives in Congress should be held accountable for the votes they have to make in order to stay in line with their party's platform.

C. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole, but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress.

43. (p. 252) The winner-take-all system is also known as the ________ system.
A. plurality
B. majority
C. minority
D. democratic
E. proportional

A. plurality

44. (p. 254) ________ representation systems are those in which seats in the legislature are allocated according to each political party's share of the popular vote.
A. Plurality
B. Populist
C. Minority
D. Democratic
E. Proportional

E. Proportional

45. (p. 269) On average, how much money must a U.S. senator raise every week of his or her six-year term in order to acquire enough money to launch a competitive bid for reelection?
A. $200
B. $2,000
C. $20,000
D. $200,000
E. $2,000,000

C. $20,000

46. (p. 264) Which of the following statements about the patronage system is true?
A. It was a means of rewarding party workers for their loyalty.
B. It was first established in the early twentieth century.
C. It has fallen increasingly into the hands of party organizations.
D. It weakens the bond that most federal staff members might otherwise feel for the congressperson under which they work.
E. Today there are almost no patronage jobs left.

A. It was a means of rewarding party workers for their loyalty

47. (p. 265) About 95 percent of all political activists in the United States work at
A. the national level.
B. the state level.
C. the local level.
D. the national and state levels.
E. Republican and Democratic party headquarters.

C. the local level.

48. (p. 270) In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), the Supreme Court
A. found private citizens should not have limits on the amount of money they can spend on campaigns.
B. found corporations and unions could not be banned from spending money on campaigns.
C. found private citizens had the same free speech rights as corporations.
D. found corporate and union donations to campaigns was not covered as a form of free speech.
E. invalidated the government's use of an elections commission to regulate campaign donations.

B. found corporations and unions could not be banned from spending money on campaigns.

49. (p. 269) The function that the national party organizations perform in relation to congressional candidates can best be described as a
A. service relationship—helping candidates conduct their personal campaigns.
B. power relationship—making party assistance conditional upon the candidates' endorsement of the party platform.
C. central relationship—organizing and conducting the campaigns for the candidates.
D. non-participant relationship—staying out of congressional campaigns and assisting only in the presidential campaign.
E. None of these answers is correct.

A. service relationship—helping candidates conduct their personal campaigns.

50. (p. 257) What demographic is key to the future of both parties?
A. Hispanic voters
B. African American voters
C. middle-class voters
D. Jewish voters
E. the senior vote

A. Hispanic voters

51. (p. 257-258) In the recent elections, which voting demographic has become a more cohesive voting bloc and has sided heavily with the Democratic Party, seeing it as more closely aligned with their interests?
A. Hispanics
B. African Americans
C. the middle class
D. the affluent
E. seniors

A. Hispanics

52. (p. 247) The election of ________ was a realigning election.
A. 1840
B. 1872
C. 1932
D. 1960
E. 1976

C. 1932

53. (p. 245) ________ is associated with the Era of Good Feeling.
A. Abraham Lincoln
B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
C. James Monroe
D. Andrew Jackson
E. George Washington

C. James Monroe

54. (p. 246) Abraham Lincoln was first elected in 1860 with ________ percent of the popular vote.
A. 20
B. 40
C. 50
D. 60
E. 80

B. 40

55. (p. 266) State central committees
A. endorse candidates in their state-wide primaries but do not have formal control over who is chosen.
B. have the final say in who will be chosen as the candidates for national office from their party in their home state.
C. provide only general policy guidance for the state organizations.
D. are prevented from participating in fund-raising and voter registration because they receive government funding.
E. concentrate most strongly on national elections.

C. provide only general policy guidance for the state organizations.

56. (p. 260) In 1992, ________ won 19 percent of the popular vote in the presidential election.
A. Bill Clinton
B. George H. W. Bush
C. Ross Perot
D. Pat Buchanan
E. Ralph Nader

C. Ross Perot

57. (p. 260) Populist ________ won electoral votes in six states in the presidential election of 1892.
A. William Jennings Bryan
B. Theodore Roosevelt
C. Chester Arthur
D. James B. Weaver
E. Benjamin Harrison

D. James B. Weaver

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American GoPo ch 8

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1. (p. 244) Political parties serve to
A. link the public with its elected leaders.
B. enable people with different backgrounds and opinions to act together.
C. offer the public a choice between policies and leaders.
D. provide potential leaders an opportunity to attain public office.
E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

2. (p. 245) The first American political parties emerged from the conflict between
A. slave states and free states.
B. the older eastern states and the newer western states.
C. small farmers and states’ rights advocates, and those favoring commercial and wealthy interests.
D. business and labor.
E. Protestants and Catholics.

C. small farmers and states’ rights advocates, and those favoring commercial and wealthy interests.

3. (p. 245) Andrew Jackson’s contribution to the development of political parties was the
A. forging of a coalition of Democrats and Whigs.
B. introduction of primary elections.
C. formation of a new type of grassroots party organization.
D. formation of the Federalist Party.
E. formation of the Republican Party.

C. formation of a new type of grassroots party organization.

4. (p. 253-254) Proportional representation systems encourage the formation of smaller parties by enabling parties to
A. win legislative seats even though they do not receive a majority of votes in elections.
B. receive campaign funds from government in proportion to their support in opinion polls.
C. win legislative seats by lottery for parties that have no chance of winning majority support.
D. share in patronage appointments, which serve as an incentive to lure campaign workers.
E. advertise on television.

A. win legislative seats even though they do not receive a majority of votes in elections.

5. (p. 246) Democrats and Republicans have endured as the two major U.S. parties primarily due to
A. the stability of their ideologies.
B. the lack of good third-party candidates.
C. a high degree of party discipline.
D. their ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
E. None of these answers is correct.

D. their ability to adapt to changing circumstances.

6. (p. 260) In 1912, a candidate for which minor party managed to earn more votes than one of his major party opponents?
A. Socialist
B. Prohibition
C. Bull Moose
D. Reform
E. Populist

C. Bull Moose

7. (p. 259) If a minor party gains a large following, it is almost certain that
A. the major parties will join together to attack the minor party.
B. Congress will enact legislation to make it difficult for the minor party to get on the ballot.
C. party in-fighting will tear it apart.
D. one or both major parties will absorb its issue, and the minor party will lose support.
E. the media will attack the minor party.

D. one or both major parties will absorb its issue, and the minor party will lose support.

8. (p. 252) The major reason for the persistence of the American two-party system is
A. that there are naturally only two sides to political disputes.
B. regional conflict.
C. the existence of single-member election districts.
D. the existence of state laws prohibiting the placement of a third major party on the ballot.
E. proportional representation.

C. the existence of single-member election districts.

9. (p. 244) The history of democratic government is virtually synonymous with the history of
A. high voter turnout.
B. the separation of powers.
C. economic recessions.
D. protest movements.
E. political parties.

E. political parties.

10. (p. 246) All of the following are characteristic of a party realignment EXCEPT
A. sharp divisions between the parties.
B. enduring changes in party coalitions.
C. major policy initiatives by the winning party.
D. a very close electoral result.
E. the disruption of the existing political order.

D. a very close electoral result.

11. (p. 255, 256) Which of the following encourages the two major parties to build broad coalitions?
A. the need to raise campaign funds
B. the need to have policy "wiggle-room" once elected into power
C. the desire to avoid their policy preferences becoming hijacked by extreme elements
D. fear of demonization by the press
E. the two-party system and the need to gain a plurality

E. the two-party system and the need to gain a plurality

12. (p. 245) The issue of slavery gave birth to the ________ party as a major political party.
A. Federalist
B. Democratic
C. Republican
D. Whig
E. Populist

C. Republican

13. (p. 244) Political parties in the United States originated partly as a political feud between
A. Marshall and Adams.
B. Adams and Jackson.
C. Lincoln and Douglas.
D. Cleveland and Bryan.
E. Hamilton and Jefferson.

E. Hamilton and Jefferson.

14. (p. 247) The Democratic Party’s long-time regional stronghold, "the Solid South", stemmed from a realignment during which historical period?
A. Civil War era
B. 1890s
C. Great Depression
D. 1980s
E. None of these answers is correct.

A. Civil War era

15. (p. 251) Which of the following is an indication of strong party loyalty?
A. split-ticket voting
B. an increase in independent voters
C. straight-ticket voting
D. the influence of short-term issues and candidates
E. a focus on candidate charisma and personal style

C. straight-ticket voting

16. (p. 251) Party dealignment is
A. essentially the same as party realignment.
B. a process that has discouraged the formation of third parties.
C. a process that has strengthened the major parties.
D. a process that refers to American political parties in the early 1800s.
E. None of these answers is correct.

E. None of these answers is correct.

17. (p. 274) Prospective voting is characterized by
A. a sudden shift in the vote from one party to another.
B. choices based on party loyalty.
C. choices based on a candidate’s past performance.
D. choices based on what candidates promise to do if elected.
E. the symbolism of a candidate’s personality.

D. choices based on what candidates promise to do if elected.

18. (p. 274) ________ is based on judgment about the past performance of an elected official or political party.
A. Prospective voting
B. Retrospective voting
C. Split-ticket voting
D. Straight-ticket voting
E. None of these answers is correct.

B. Retrospective voting

19. (p. 255) ________ lost the 1964 presidential election in a landslide because his views were seen as too extreme.
A. James Weaver
B. Jimmy Carter
C. George McGovern
D. Richard Nixon
E. Barry Goldwater

E. Barry Goldwater

20. (p. 253) ________ does not have a competitive multiparty system.
A. Germany
B. Italy
C. The Netherlands
D. The United States
E. Sweden

D. The United States

21. (p. 245) What was especially unique about the "Era of Good Feeling"?
A. Political parties were banned.
B. President Monroe ran unopposed in 1820.
C. Jefferson’s faction adopted the label "Republican".
D. The president and vice president were from competing parties.
E. Federalists won the election of 1820.

B. President Monroe ran unopposed in 1820.

22. (p. 244) ________ warned Americans of the "baneful effects" of factions (political parties) in his 1797 farewell address.
A. James Madison
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. George Washington
D. Andrew Jackson
E. Abraham Lincoln

C. George Washington

23. (p. 257) What party has made big gains in recent decades among white fundamentalist Christians, based on its positions on topics like abortion and school prayer?
A. Democratic
B. Republican
C. Green
D. Socialist
E. Reform

B. Republican

24. (p. 273-274) Candidates’ first priority in a close election is to
A. secure their "base voters".
B. rally the faithful and "get out the vote".
C. increase TV spending.
D. paint their opponents in a bad light.
E. win over the "swing voters".

E. win over the "swing voters".

25. (p. 256) Which of the following groups is most closely aligned with the Democratic Party, voting more than 80 percent Democratic in presidential elections?
A. Latino Americans
B. white Protestants
C. Christian fundamentalists
D. African Americans
E. Roman Catholics

D. African Americans

26. (p. 257) Which of the following groups is NOT typically a part of the Democratic coalition?
A. city dwellers
B. Hispanics
C. union members
D. Jews
E. fundamentalist Christians

E. fundamentalist Christians

27. (p. 259) In twentieth-century American history, the most important minor parties were ________ parties.
A. ideological
B. single-issue
C. factional
D. reform
E. non-aligned

C. factional

28. (p. 251) Ticket splitting was most prominent during which decade?
A. 1970s
B. 1990s
C. 1980s
D. 1960s
E. 1950s

A. 1970s

29. (p. 247-248) ________ was the only Republican elected president from 1932 to 1964.
A. Richard Nixon
B. Barry Goldwater
C. Dwight Eisenhower
D. Herbert Hoover
E. Calvin Coolidge

C. Dwight Eisenhower

30. (p. 262) All of the following use top-two primaries EXCEPT
A. Oregon.
B. Washington.
C. California.
D. Nebraska.
E. Louisiana.

A. Oregon.

31. (p. 269) American party organizations
A. are about to die out.
B. are more powerful today than at any time in history.
C. have more power than their Western European counterparts.
D. are still important, but their role in campaigns is secondary to that of candidates.
E. are unimportant in the political system today.

D. are still important, but their role in campaigns is secondary to that of candidates.

32. (p. 265-266) National party organizations can dictate the day-to-day decisions of
A. local party organizations only.
B. state party organizations only.
C. local and state party organizations.
D. neither local nor state party organizations.
E. party leaders in Congress.

D. neither local nor state party organizations.

33. (p. 260) A(n) ________ party is a minor party that bases its appeal on the claim that the major parties are having a corrupting influence on government and policy.
A. third
B. reform
C. single-issue
D. ideological
E. factional

B. reform

34. (p. 259) Which of the following is an example of a single-issue party?
A. Populists
B. Green Party
C. Socialist Workers Party
D. Libertarian Party
E. Greenback Party

E. Greenback Party

35. (p. 259) Which of the following are key players in the modern campaign?
A. pollsters
B. media producers
C. fundraising specialists
D. campaign consultants
E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

36. (p. 273) ________ prohibits the purchase of televised advertising time by candidates.
A. Scotland
B. Great Britain
C. The United States
D. Germany
E. Canada

B. Great Britain

37. (p. 271) James Carville and Roger Ailes are both examples of
A. minor party candidates who earned more than five percent of the vote.
B. campaign strategists who have earned legendary reputations.
C. congressional incumbents whose reelection bids were derailed by smear campaigns.
D. national chairpersons of one of the two major parties.
E. lobbyists jailed for their illegal soft money contributions.

B. campaign strategists who have earned legendary reputations.

38. (p. 266) Regarding state party organizations, the day-to-day operation is usually the responsibility of the
A. central committee.
B. state chairperson.
C. national chairperson who oversees all state party organizations.
D. state governor or top leaders in the legislative branch.
E. None of these answers is correct.

B. state chairperson.

39. (p. 243) Organizationally, the U.S. major parties are
A. decentralized and fragmented.
B. centralized and weak.
C. decentralized and strong.
D. centralized and strong.
E. no longer in operation.

A. decentralized and fragmented.

40. (p. 262, 264) During the twentieth century, American parties lost their complete control over
A. nominations.
B. financing.
C. platforms.
D. the staffing of government jobs.
E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

41. (p. 262) Which of the following represents the greatest blow to the organizational strength of U.S. parties?
A. the national convention
B. the direct primary
C. Jacksonian democracy
D. the emergence of PACs
E. voter registration

B. the direct primary

42. (p. 277) Which of the following is an accurate representation of the public’s opinion about leaders and their accountability?
A. Most citizens have a high opinion of Congress as a whole, but say they have little confidence in their local representative in Congress.
B. Most citizens have a high opinion of both Congress as a whole and their local representative in Congress.
C. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole, but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress.
D. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole and also of their local representative in Congress.
E. Most citizens do not feel that their local representatives in Congress should be held accountable for the votes they have to make in order to stay in line with their party’s platform.

C. Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole, but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress.

43. (p. 252) The winner-take-all system is also known as the ________ system.
A. plurality
B. majority
C. minority
D. democratic
E. proportional

A. plurality

44. (p. 254) ________ representation systems are those in which seats in the legislature are allocated according to each political party’s share of the popular vote.
A. Plurality
B. Populist
C. Minority
D. Democratic
E. Proportional

E. Proportional

45. (p. 269) On average, how much money must a U.S. senator raise every week of his or her six-year term in order to acquire enough money to launch a competitive bid for reelection?
A. $200
B. $2,000
C. $20,000
D. $200,000
E. $2,000,000

C. $20,000

46. (p. 264) Which of the following statements about the patronage system is true?
A. It was a means of rewarding party workers for their loyalty.
B. It was first established in the early twentieth century.
C. It has fallen increasingly into the hands of party organizations.
D. It weakens the bond that most federal staff members might otherwise feel for the congressperson under which they work.
E. Today there are almost no patronage jobs left.

A. It was a means of rewarding party workers for their loyalty

47. (p. 265) About 95 percent of all political activists in the United States work at
A. the national level.
B. the state level.
C. the local level.
D. the national and state levels.
E. Republican and Democratic party headquarters.

C. the local level.

48. (p. 270) In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), the Supreme Court
A. found private citizens should not have limits on the amount of money they can spend on campaigns.
B. found corporations and unions could not be banned from spending money on campaigns.
C. found private citizens had the same free speech rights as corporations.
D. found corporate and union donations to campaigns was not covered as a form of free speech.
E. invalidated the government’s use of an elections commission to regulate campaign donations.

B. found corporations and unions could not be banned from spending money on campaigns.

49. (p. 269) The function that the national party organizations perform in relation to congressional candidates can best be described as a
A. service relationship—helping candidates conduct their personal campaigns.
B. power relationship—making party assistance conditional upon the candidates’ endorsement of the party platform.
C. central relationship—organizing and conducting the campaigns for the candidates.
D. non-participant relationship—staying out of congressional campaigns and assisting only in the presidential campaign.
E. None of these answers is correct.

A. service relationship—helping candidates conduct their personal campaigns.

50. (p. 257) What demographic is key to the future of both parties?
A. Hispanic voters
B. African American voters
C. middle-class voters
D. Jewish voters
E. the senior vote

A. Hispanic voters

51. (p. 257-258) In the recent elections, which voting demographic has become a more cohesive voting bloc and has sided heavily with the Democratic Party, seeing it as more closely aligned with their interests?
A. Hispanics
B. African Americans
C. the middle class
D. the affluent
E. seniors

A. Hispanics

52. (p. 247) The election of ________ was a realigning election.
A. 1840
B. 1872
C. 1932
D. 1960
E. 1976

C. 1932

53. (p. 245) ________ is associated with the Era of Good Feeling.
A. Abraham Lincoln
B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
C. James Monroe
D. Andrew Jackson
E. George Washington

C. James Monroe

54. (p. 246) Abraham Lincoln was first elected in 1860 with ________ percent of the popular vote.
A. 20
B. 40
C. 50
D. 60
E. 80

B. 40

55. (p. 266) State central committees
A. endorse candidates in their state-wide primaries but do not have formal control over who is chosen.
B. have the final say in who will be chosen as the candidates for national office from their party in their home state.
C. provide only general policy guidance for the state organizations.
D. are prevented from participating in fund-raising and voter registration because they receive government funding.
E. concentrate most strongly on national elections.

C. provide only general policy guidance for the state organizations.

56. (p. 260) In 1992, ________ won 19 percent of the popular vote in the presidential election.
A. Bill Clinton
B. George H. W. Bush
C. Ross Perot
D. Pat Buchanan
E. Ralph Nader

C. Ross Perot

57. (p. 260) Populist ________ won electoral votes in six states in the presidential election of 1892.
A. William Jennings Bryan
B. Theodore Roosevelt
C. Chester Arthur
D. James B. Weaver
E. Benjamin Harrison

D. James B. Weaver

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